# <a name="Installing Kerberos  AFS"></a> Installing Kerberos &amp; AFS

<div>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#Installing Kerberos  AFS"> Installing Kerberos &amp; AFS</a><ul>
        <li><a href="#Basics"> Basics</a></li>
        <li><a href="#OpenAFS"> OpenAFS</a><ul>
            <li><a href="#Starting the Install"> Starting the Install</a></li>
            <li><a href="#Create AFS Keys and Administrato"> Create AFS Keys and Administrators</a><ul>
                <li><a href="#KerberosVMIT"> KerberosVMIT</a></li>
                <li><a href="#HeimdalKTH"> HeimdalKTH</a></li>
                <li><a href="#KTH Kerberos4"> KTH Kerberos4</a></li>
              </ul>
            </li>
            <li><a href="#Finishing _OpenAFS installation"> Finishing OpenAFS installation</a></li>
          </ul>
        </li>
        <li><a href="#Setting up Transparent Login"> Setting up Transparent Login</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</div>

AFS includes its own implementation of Kerberos, the KAServer. However, new installs of KAServer are not recommended as it is based on a draft version of the obsolete Kerberos 4 protocol. Even though AFS doesn't support [[KerberosV]] directly, it is highly recommended that you set up a [[KerberosV]] realm for your AFS cell and **not** install the KAServer. See [[KerberosV]] for the many advantages of using the latest Kerberos for your network authentication.

Note that this document is under development. Also, I don't try to explain the [[OpenAFS]] specific parts of the install -- This document describes only the changes that have to be made to create a new [[OpenAFS]] cell with [[KerberosV]] authentication. If you have followed these instructions and are still having problems please email the openafs-info mailing list.

Derrick wrote nice pages at: <http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr/shadow/www/afs/afs-with-kerberos.html> <http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~shadow/afs/afs-with-kerberos.html>

[[DenizKanca]] [posted](https://lists.openafs.org/pipermail/openafs-info/2003-January/007799.html) her notes at [http://www.arayan.com/da/yazi/OpenAFS\_Kerberos\_5.html](http://www.arayan.com/da/yazi/OpenAFS_Kerberos_5.html).

[[JeffreyHutzelman]] posted a good [summary](https://lists.openafs.org/pipermail/openafs-info/2003-July/010159.html) of all these component to [[OpenAFS]]-info on 25-Jul-2003. Be sure to check to follow-ups for some minor clarifications.

## <a name="Basics"></a> Basics

To continue, you need a working Kerberos realm. See [[SettingUpAuthentication]] for the implementation options, and refer to the documentation that comes with your particular version of Kerberos to establish your realm. It is easiest if your realm name is the caps version of your cell name, which in turn is the same as your site's domain name. For example if your site's domain is 'greekmythology.com', your Kerberos realm name should be 'GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM' and your AFS cell name should be 'greekmythology.com'. See [[KerberosTerms]] if you are confused on what a "realm" is.

Once you have a working Kerberos realm, ie. you can "kinit" as yourself and receive valid Kerberos tickets, you are ready to continue on installing [[OpenAFS]]. (NOTE: If you are working on the Red Hat Linux platform, there is an RPM available that may ease your pain considerably. See [[LinuxAFSInstall]].)

## <a name="OpenAFS"></a> [[OpenAFS]]

### <a name="Starting the Install"></a> Starting the Install

Now we will begin the [[OpenAFS]] installation. The relevant part of the [[OpenAFS]] documentation can be found at [OpenAFS installation documentation](http://www.openafs.org/pages/doc/QuickStartUnix/auqbg005.htm#HDRWQ17). Follow the instructions in [Creating AFS Directories](http://www.openafs.org/pages/doc/QuickStartUnix/auqbg005.htm#Header_32) and begin the [Platform Specific Procedures](http://www.openafs.org/pages/doc/QuickStartUnix/auqbg005.htm#HDRWQ20) as appropriate for your operating system. **SKIP** the "Enabling AFS Login" section of your operating system's instructions. Also note that you may need to reboot during this procedure (particularly on Solaris).

Now you are ready to continue on to [Starting the BOS Server](http://www.openafs.org/pages/doc/QuickStartUnix/auqbg005.htm#HDRWQ50) (... someone want to chime in here and explain how one can use pt\_util etc to do this part without running in -noauth??). Proceed to [Defining Cell Name](http://www.openafs.org/pages/doc/QuickStartUnix/auqbg005.htm#HDRWQ51). During the [Starting Database Servers](http://www.openafs.org/pages/doc/QuickStartUnix/auqbg005.htm#HDRWQ52) section, **do not** issue the <code>**bos create**</code> command to add the kaserver.

### <a name="Create AFS Keys and Administrato"></a> Create AFS Keys and Administrators

First you will need to create a principal "afs" or "afs/greekmythology.com" in your [[KerberosV]] database. The latter is the preferred alternative, especially if you will support more than one [[AFSCell]] with a single [[KerberosRealm]]. In case you have [[KerberosIV]], create afs or afs.greekmythology.com respectively.

Your [[KerberosV]] realm must support krb524 for aklog to work, typically. In other words, it has to be able to respond to your version 4 requests (as AFS is based on [[KerberosIV]] protocol).

Next we will create an AFS [[KeyFile]] and an administrator principal in the Kerberos database. The procedure for creating an AFS [[KeyFile]] depends on which Kerberos implementation you have chosen to use, but the logic is the same.

Things to remember about AFS [[KeyFile]]: they must contain a key using the des-cbc-crc encryption type and the key must have exactly same kvno as the afs/greekmythology.com@GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM in the Kerberos database. If cell is same as lowercased GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM name, you can create <afs@GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM> instead of afs/cell@GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM.

#### <a name="KerberosVMIT"></a> [[KerberosVMIT]]

- set up krb524d. You will need to make sure your krb524d server host includes something like this in krb5.conf. Only one of the 2 entries should be needed for a realm, depending on how you did the setup in your [[KerberosV]] database.

    [appdefaults]
    afs_krb5 = {
          REALM.NAME = {
                    afs = false
                    afs/cell.name = false
          }
    }

- use <code>**kadmin get**</code> command and <code>**ktutil copy**</code> similarly as described in section Heimdal to create afs key in a database or use for the last step instead of ktutil <code>**asetkey**</code> as below

- The AFS-Kerberos5 migration kit includes a program <code>**asetkey**</code>

Save the AFS key from kerberos KDC to a file, possibly using kadmin(see KTH [[KerberosIV]] section above), and the use either <code>**asetkey**</code> or use <code>**ktutil**</code> (see [[HeimdalKTH]] section below) to convert the format and save into [[KeyFile]].

           asetkey add 0 /etc/srvtab.afskey afs.cell@REALM

The \`0' above means kvno (key version number 0). Use ktutils list or similar like <code>**kadmin get**</code> command to see, what kvno has the afs key in Kerberos database. Use exactly same number when running <code>**asetkey**</code>. There's

#### <a name="HeimdalKTH"></a> [[HeimdalKTH]]

- <http://www.pdc.kth.se/heimdal>
- kdc will service krb524 requests
- edit /etc/krb5.conf similar to the example below

    [logging]
    default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log
    kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
    admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log

    [ktutil]
            dns_lookup_realm = false
            dns_lookup_kdc = false

    [libdefaults]
            dns_lookup_realm = false
            dns_lookup_kdc = false
            ktype_is_etype = true
            encrypt = yes
            forward = yes
            srv_lookup = no
            srv_try_txt = no
            srv_try_rfc2052 = no
            default_realm = GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM
            clockskew = 300
            kdc = 127.0.0.1
            v4_instance_resolve = true
            krb4_get_tickets = yes
            forwardable = true
            v4_name_convert = {
                    host = {
                            rcmd = host
                            ftp = ftp
                    }
                    plain = {
                            something = something-else
                    }
            }

    [realms]
            GSF.DE = {
                    kdc = 127.0.0.1
                    admin_server = 127.0.0.1
                    krb525_server = 127.0.0.1
                    v4_name_convert = {
                            ftp = ftp
                            pop = pop
                            rcmd = host
                    }
                    v4_instance_convert = true
                    default_domain = greekmythology.com
            }

    [domain_realm]
            .greekmythology.com = GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM
            greekmythology.com = GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM

    [kadmin]
    kdc =
    # you can disable fallback DNS queries, if don't have registered name like kerberos.yourdomain
    dns_lookup_realm = false
    dns_lookup_kdc = false
    default_keys = v4 v5 afs3
    afs-cell = greekmythology.com
    v4-realm = GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM

    [kdc]
            enable-kerberos4 = true
            afs-cell =
            enable-524 = true
            v4-realm = GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM

The [[HeimdalKTH]] distribution's <code>**ktutil**</code> can copy directly into an AFS [[KeyFile]] and removes salt from keys

           kadmin --admin-server=my_kdc_server
           kadmin> add --random-key afs/cell
           kadmin> del_enctype afs/cell@REALM des3-cbc-sha1
           kadmin> get afs/cell@REALM
           kadmin> list *
           kadmin> ext -k /etc/afskeytabfile.krb5
           kadmin> quit
           ktutil -k /etc/afskeytabfile.krb5 list
           ktutil copy FILE:/etc/afskeytabfile.krb5 AFSKEYFILE:/usr/afs/etc/KeyFile

After you have a working [[KeyFile]] installed in the appropriate directory (/usr/afs/etc/KeyFile for transarc-paths, ???? otherwise) and with the appropriate permissions (0600, owner root), we can create administrative users for AFS. This is a two step process as we first create an authentication principal in the Kerberos database then add the admin user in the authorization ("protection") database in the AFS server.

Create a user ("joe/admin" in this example) using the appropriate kadmin utility with your [[KerberosV]] distribution. Set a secure password, and note that setting Kerberos admin rights for this user does **not** affect his AFS rights. Please note, that "joe/admin@REALM" is [[KerberosV]] notation and that [[KerberosIV]] is using "joe.admin@REALM". As AFS is based on [[KerberosIV]], you should specify "joe.admin@REALM" or just "joe.admin". (I did this mistake recently and for days was hunting for an explanation, why while having valid tickets, valid AFS tokens with proper kvno (key version number as the one in Kerberos KDC) fileserver, ptserver and bosserver complain about my AFS token being invalid. Yes, I had in the /usr/(afs|vice)/etc/UserList file "joe/admin@REALM"). In [[OpenAFS]]-1.2.8, you can possibly enable Kerbero5 syntax for usernames (See [this message](https://lists.openafs.org/pipermail/openafs-devel/2002-December/003632.html) to openafs-devel)

#### <a name="KTH Kerberos4"></a> KTH Kerberos4

- <http://www.pdc.kth.se/kth-krb> :

You can create afs key using "kadmin add", you had to specify password on interactively. That's quite weak password. Much better is to do <code>**kadmin get**</code>. <code>**kadmin**</code> will try to download the key from KDC, and if it's not present, it will create one, using random key. That's what we want.

ksrvutil(1) does similar and doesn't require from you to have kadmind(1) running on your machine. The "get" command does same: downloads or (in our case) creates new afs principal using random password. The next example expects that joe.admin is you and you know the proper password to get full access to you kerberos database:

        mv /etc/srvtab /etc/srvtab.orig
        /usr/athena/sbin/ksrvutil -p joe.admin get
        Name [rcmd]: afs
        Instance [hostname]: greekmythology.com
        Realm [GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM]: GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM
        Is this correct? (y,n) [y]
        Add more keys? (y,n) [n]
        Password for joe.admin@GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM
        # list keys in /etc/srvtab, look for the AFS key and it's kvno
        ksrvutil list
        mv /etc/srvtab /etc/srvtab.afskey
        mv /etc/srvtab.orig /etc/srvtab

If you want to make the above more complicated, you will need <code>**/usr/athena/sbin/ext\_srvtab**</code> utility to extract already existing key from Kerberos KDC and save it into /etc/srvtab. It will ask you for your master kerberos password (but if you installed kerberos in the "proper" way, you've used random password which you don't know at all), so better use <code>**ksrvutil**</code> as described above and forget <code>**ext\_srvtab**</code>.

Now you should have the afs key in /etc/srvtab.afskey.

Import this AFS key from Kerberos keyfile (/etc/srvtab format) into AFS /usr/afs/etc/KeyFile using <code>**asetkey**</code> utility, which is I think from /afs/transarc.com/public/afs-contrib

        asetkey add 0 /etc/srvtab.afskey afs.greekmythology\.com@GREEKMYTHOLOGY.COM

This [[KeyFile]] with the AFS-key you can just always re-copy to new AFS machines. Be sure that the key version number KVNO is always same in this [[KeyFile]] and in Kerberos database. On all these machines you of course need afs.hostname.REALM key loaded into their <code>**/etc/srvtab**</code> (create them with <code>**'/ust/athena/bin/ksrvutil get'**</code>).

You can test if you have same keys in kerberos and AFS like this:

        kauth username
        tokens

If you have some tokens now, then it works and you can now shutdown kaserver. Users, which you have created under kaserver are stored in /usr/afs/db/kaserver.\*, but you can just forget them. Create these users again in Kerberos. With [[KerberosIV]] from KTH they get stored under /var/kerberos, when using Heimdal under /var/heimdal/.

### <a name="Finishing _OpenAFS installation"></a> Finishing [[OpenAFS]] installation

Now we will use the <code>**pts**</code> command in [[OpenAFS]] to add this joe.admin user to the AFS administrators group named system:administrators. The username could be just "joe" or "admin", but it's a good habit to have .admin appended to it (it is called instance). Please note the notation "joe.admin", not "joe/admin" as would be typical in Kerberos5 style:

        pts createuser -name joe.admin -cell greekmythology.com -noauth
        pts adduser joe.admin system:administrators -cell  -noauth

where greekmythology.com is the name of your local cell. After your complete this step, you can continue on to...

Activate the new AFS [[KeyFile]] by executing:

        bos restart <machine name> -all -cell <cell name> -noauth

After this restart, try using kinit to get Kerberos tickets for admin then (if necessary) use aklog to get an AFS token or use afslog if afsd client cache is already running. Basically ensure that the AFS [[KeyFile]] is valid:

        /usr/heimdal/sbin/ktutil copy AFSKEYFILE:/usr/afs/etc/KeyFile FILE:/etc/afskeytabfile.krb5
        /usr/heimdal/bin/kinit -k -t /etc/afskeytabfile.krb5 afs/greekmythology.com
        # you should be able to autenticate against KDC using the /etc/afskeytabfile.krb5
        #    where is saved your afs key in keytab form recognizable by Kerberos5
        /usr/heimdal/klist
        # you should see you have afs/greekmythology.com ticket having some expiration time etc.

Proceed to the [Starting File Server](http://www.openafs.org/pages/doc/QuickStartUnix/auqbg005.htm#HDRWQ60) section of the [[OpenAFS]] documentation. The rest of the documentation can be completed without any changes. (What about replacing NTP with something recent, though...? See FAQ [[3.22|Main/AdminFAQ#NTP]] and [[[NTP|Main/FurtherReading#NTP]]])

## <a name="Setting up Transparent Login"></a> Setting up Transparent Login

In its current state, you have to manually log into your AFS cell through kinit and possibly aklog (explain aklog..., debugging using "tokens" etc). There are several methods to enable transparent login to both local resources (the machine itself) and AFS through a single password. See [[KerberosV]] and [[SettingUpAuthentication]] for some information. The best option if you are using pam is probably the [pam\_krb5 project on sourceforge](http://sourceforge.net/projects/pam-krb5/).

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