1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
3 <title>Installing the First AFS Machine</title>
6 <primary>file server machine</primary>
8 <seealso>first AFS machine</seealso>
10 <seealso>file server machine, additional</seealso>
14 <primary>instructions</primary>
16 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
20 <primary>installing</primary>
22 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
25 <para>This chapter describes how to install the first AFS machine in your cell, configuring it as both a file server machine and a
26 client machine. After completing all procedures in this chapter, you can remove the client functionality if you wish, as described
27 in <link linkend="HDRWQ98">Removing Client Functionality</link>.</para>
29 <para>To install additional file server machines after completing this chapter, see <link linkend="HDRWQ99">Installing Additional
30 Server Machines</link>.</para>
32 <para>To install additional client machines after completing this chapter, see <link linkend="HDRWQ133">Installing Additional
33 Client Machines</link>. <indexterm>
34 <primary>requirements</primary>
36 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
39 <sect1 id="Header_29">
40 <title>Requirements and Configuration Decisions</title>
42 <para>The instructions in this chapter assume that you meet the following requirements.
45 <para>You are logged onto the machine's console as the local superuser <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis></para>
49 <para>A standard version of one of the operating systems supported by the current version of AFS is running on the
54 <para>You have either installed the provided OpenAFS packages for
55 your system, have access to a binary distribution tarball, or have
56 successfully built OpenAFS from source</para>
60 <para>You have a Kerberos v5 realm running for your site. If you are
61 working with an existing cell which uses
62 <emphasis role="bold">kaserver</emphasis> or Kerberos v4 for
63 authentication, please see
64 <link linkend="KAS001">kaserver and Legacy Kerberos v4 Authentication</link>
65 for the modifications required to this installation procedure.</para>
69 <para>You have a NTP, or similar, time service deployed to ensure
70 rough clock syncronistation between your clients and servers. If you
71 wish to use AFS's built in timeservice (which is deprecated) please
72 see Appendix B for the necessary modifications to this installation
75 </itemizedlist></para>
77 <para>You must make the following configuration decisions while installing the first AFS machine. To speed the installation
78 itself, it is best to make the decisions before beginning. See the chapter in the <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration
79 Guide</emphasis> about issues in cell administration and configuration for detailed guidelines. <indexterm>
80 <primary>cell name</primary>
82 <secondary>choosing</secondary>
83 </indexterm> <indexterm>
84 <primary>AFS filespace</primary>
86 <secondary>deciding how to configure</secondary>
87 </indexterm> <indexterm>
88 <primary>filespace</primary>
90 <see>AFS filespace</see>
91 </indexterm> <itemizedlist>
93 <para>Select the first AFS machine</para>
97 <para>Select the cell name</para>
101 <para>Decide which partitions or logical volumes to configure as AFS server partitions, and choose the directory names on
102 which to mount them</para>
106 <para>Decide how big to make the client cache</para>
110 <para>Decide how to configure the top levels of your cell's AFS filespace</para>
112 </itemizedlist></para>
114 <para>This chapter is divided into three large sections corresponding to the three parts of installing the first AFS machine.
115 Perform all of the steps in the order they appear. Each functional section begins with a summary of the procedures to perform.
116 The sections are as follows: <itemizedlist>
118 <para>Installing server functionality (begins in <link linkend="HDRWQ18">Overview: Installing Server
119 Functionality</link>)</para>
123 <para>Installing client functionality (begins in <link linkend="HDRWQ63">Overview: Installing Client
124 Functionality</link>)</para>
128 <para>Configuring your cell's filespace, establishing further security mechanisms, and enabling access to foreign cells
129 (begins in <link linkend="HDRWQ71">Overview: Completing the Installation of the First AFS Machine</link>)</para>
131 </itemizedlist></para>
134 <primary>overview</primary>
136 <secondary>installing server functionality on first AFS machine</secondary>
140 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
142 <secondary>server functionality</secondary>
146 <primary>installing</primary>
148 <secondary>server functionality</secondary>
150 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
155 <title>Overview: Installing Server Functionality</title>
157 <para>In the first phase of installing your cell's first AFS machine, you install file server and database server functionality
158 by performing the following procedures:
161 <para>Choose which machine to install as the first AFS machine</para>
165 <para>Create AFS-related directories on the local disk</para>
169 <para>Incorporate AFS modifications into the machine's kernel</para>
173 <para>Configure partitions or logical volumes for storing AFS volumes</para>
177 <para>On some system types, install and configure an AFS-modified version of the <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis>
182 <para>If the machine is to remain a client machine, incorporate AFS into its authentication system</para>
186 <para>Start the Basic OverSeer (BOS) Server</para>
190 <para>Define the cell name and the machine's cell membership</para>
194 <para>Start the database server processes: Backup Server, Protection Server, and Volume Location
199 <para>Configure initial security mechanisms</para>
203 <para>Start the <emphasis role="bold">fs</emphasis> process, which incorporates three component processes: the File
204 Server, Volume Server, and Salvager</para>
208 <para>Start the server portion of the Update Server</para>
211 </orderedlist></para>
215 <title>Choosing the First AFS Machine</title>
217 <para>The first AFS machine you install must have sufficient disk space to store AFS volumes. To take best advantage of AFS's
218 capabilities, store client-side binaries as well as user files in volumes. When you later install additional file server
219 machines in your cell, you can distribute these volumes among the different machines as you see fit.</para>
221 <para>These instructions configure the first AFS machine as a <emphasis>database server machine</emphasis>, the <emphasis>binary
222 distribution machine</emphasis> for its system type, and the cell's <emphasis>system control machine</emphasis>. For a
223 description of these roles, see the <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration Guide</emphasis>.</para>
225 <para>Installation of additional machines is simplest if the first machine has the lowest IP address of any database server
226 machine you currently plan to install. If you later install database server functionality on a machine with a lower IP address,
227 you must first update the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/CellServDB</emphasis> file on all of your cell's client machines.
228 For more details, see <link linkend="HDRWQ114">Installing Database Server Functionality</link>.</para>
231 <sect1 id="Header_32">
232 <title>Creating AFS Directories</title>
235 <primary>usr/afs directory</primary>
237 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
241 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
243 <secondary>/usr/afs directory</secondary>
247 <primary>creating</primary>
249 <secondary>/usr/afs directory</secondary>
251 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
255 <primary>usr/vice/etc directory</primary>
257 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
261 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
263 <secondary>/usr/vice/etc directory</secondary>
267 <primary>creating</primary>
269 <secondary>/usr/vice/etc directory</secondary>
271 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
275 <primary>/ as start to file and directory names</primary>
277 <secondary>see alphabetized entries without initial slash</secondary>
280 <para>If you are installing from packages (such as Debian .deb or
281 Fedora/SuSe .rpm files), you should now install all of the available
282 OpenAFS packages for your system type. Typically, these will include
283 packages for client and server functionality, and a seperate package
284 containing a suitable kernel module for your running kernel. Consult
285 the package lists on the OpenAFS website to determine the packages
286 appropriate for your system.</para>
288 <para>If you are installing from a tarfile, or from a locally compiled
289 source tree you should create the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs</emphasis>
290 and <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> directories on the
291 local disk, to house server and client files respectively. Subsequent
292 instructions copy files from the distribution tarfile into them. </para>
294 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /usr/afs</emphasis>
295 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /usr/vice</emphasis>
296 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
301 <title>Performing Platform-Specific Procedures</title>
303 <para>Several of the initial procedures for installing a file server machine differ for each system type. For convenience, the
304 following sections group them together for each system type: <itemizedlist>
306 <primary>kernel extensions</primary>
308 <see>AFS kernel extensions</see>
312 <primary>loading AFS kernel extensions</primary>
314 <see>incorporating</see>
318 <primary>building</primary>
320 <secondary>AFS extensions into kernel</secondary>
322 <see>incorporating AFS kernel extensions</see>
326 <para>Incorporate AFS modifications into the kernel.</para>
328 <para>The kernel on every AFS client machine and, on some systems,
329 the AFS fileservers, must incorporate AFS extensions. On machines
330 that use a dynamic kernel module loader, it is conventional to
331 alter the machine's initialization script to load the AFS extensions
332 at each reboot. <indexterm>
333 <primary>AFS server partition</primary>
335 <secondary>mounted on /vicep directory</secondary>
336 </indexterm> <indexterm>
337 <primary>partition</primary>
339 <see>AFS server partition</see>
340 </indexterm> <indexterm>
341 <primary>logical volume</primary>
343 <see>AFS server partition</see>
344 </indexterm> <indexterm>
345 <primary>requirements</primary>
347 <secondary>AFS server partition name and location</secondary>
348 </indexterm> <indexterm>
349 <primary>naming conventions for AFS server partition</primary>
350 </indexterm> <indexterm>
351 <primary>vicep<emphasis>xx</emphasis> directory</primary>
353 <see>AFS server partition</see>
354 </indexterm> <indexterm>
355 <primary>directories</primary>
357 <secondary>/vicep<emphasis>xx</emphasis></secondary>
359 <see>AFS server partition</see>
364 <para>Configure server partitions or logical volumes to house AFS volumes.</para>
366 <para>Every AFS file server machine must have at least one partition or logical volume dedicated to storing AFS volumes
367 (for convenience, the documentation hereafter refers to partitions only). Each server partition is mounted at a directory
368 named <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>, where <replaceable>xx</replaceable> is one or
369 two lowercase letters. By convention, the first 26 partitions are mounted on the directories called <emphasis
370 role="bold">/vicepa</emphasis> through <emphasis role="bold">/vicepz</emphasis>, the 27th one is mounted on the <emphasis
371 role="bold">/vicepaa</emphasis> directory, and so on through <emphasis role="bold">/vicepaz</emphasis> and <emphasis
372 role="bold">/vicepba</emphasis>, continuing up to the index corresponding to the maximum number of server partitions
373 supported in the current version of AFS (which is specified in the <emphasis>OpenAFS Release Notes</emphasis>).</para>
375 <para>The <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> directories must reside in the file server
376 machine's root directory, not in one of its subdirectories (for example, <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vicepa</emphasis> is
377 not an acceptable directory location).</para>
379 <para>You can also add or remove server partitions on an existing file server machine. For instructions, see the chapter
380 in the <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration Guide</emphasis> about maintaining server machines.</para>
383 <para>Not all file system types supported by an operating system are necessarily supported as AFS server partitions. For
384 possible restrictions, see the <emphasis>OpenAFS Release Notes</emphasis>.</para>
389 <para>On some system types, install and configure a modified <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program which
390 recognizes the structures that the File Server uses to organize volume data on AFS server partitions. The <emphasis
391 role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program provided with the operating system does not understand the AFS data structures, and so
392 removes them to the <emphasis role="bold">lost+found</emphasis> directory.</para>
396 <para>If the machine is to remain an AFS client machine, modify the machine's authentication system so that users obtain
397 an AFS token as they log into the local file system. Using AFS is simpler and more convenient for your users if you make
398 the modifications on all client machines. Otherwise, users must perform a two or three step login procedure (login to the local
399 system, then obtain Kerberos credentials, and then issue the <emphasis role="bold">aklog</emphasis> command). For further discussion of AFS
400 authentication, see the chapter in the <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration Guide</emphasis> about cell configuration and
401 administration issues.</para>
403 </itemizedlist></para>
405 <para>To continue, proceed to the appropriate section: <itemizedlist>
407 <para><link linkend="HDRWQ21">Getting Started on AIX Systems</link></para>
411 <para><link linkend="HDRWQ31">Getting Started on HP-UX Systems</link></para>
415 <para><link linkend="HDRWQ36">Getting Started on IRIX Systems</link></para>
419 <para><link linkend="HDRWQ41">Getting Started on Linux Systems</link></para>
423 <para><link linkend="HDRWQ45">Getting Started on Solaris Systems</link></para>
425 </itemizedlist></para>
429 <title>Getting Started on AIX Systems</title>
431 <para>Begin by running the AFS initialization script to call the AIX kernel extension facility, which dynamically loads AFS
432 modifications into the kernel. Then use the <emphasis role="bold">SMIT</emphasis> program to configure partitions for storing
433 AFS volumes, and replace the AIX <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program helper with a version that correctly handles AFS
434 volumes. If the machine is to remain an AFS client machine, incorporate AFS into the AIX secondary authentication system.
436 <primary>incorporating AFS kernel extensions</primary>
438 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
440 <tertiary>AIX</tertiary>
441 </indexterm> <indexterm>
442 <primary>AFS kernel extensions</primary>
444 <secondary>on first AFS machine</secondary>
446 <tertiary>AIX</tertiary>
447 </indexterm> <indexterm>
448 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
450 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
452 <tertiary>on AIX</tertiary>
453 </indexterm> <indexterm>
454 <primary>AIX</primary>
456 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
458 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
462 <title>Loading AFS into the AIX Kernel</title>
464 <para>The AIX kernel extension facility is the dynamic kernel loader
465 provided by IBM Corporation. AIX does not support incorporation of
466 AFS modifications during a kernel build.</para>
468 <para>For AFS to function correctly, the kernel extension facility must run each time the machine reboots, so the AFS
469 initialization script (included in the AFS distribution) invokes it automatically. In this section you copy the script to the
470 conventional location and edit it to select the appropriate options depending on whether NFS is also to run.</para>
472 <para>After editing the script, you run it to incorporate AFS into the kernel. In later sections you verify that the script
473 correctly initializes all AFS components, then configure the AIX <emphasis role="bold">inittab</emphasis> file so that the
474 script runs automatically at reboot. <orderedlist>
476 <para>Unpack the distribution tarball. The examples below assume
477 that you have unpacked the files into the
478 <emphasis role="bold">/tmp/afsdist</emphasis> directory. If you
479 pick a different location, substitute this in all of the following
480 examples. Once you have unpacked the distribution,
481 change directory as indicated.
483 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /tmp/afsdist/rs_aix42/root.client/usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
484 </programlisting></para>
488 <para>Copy the AFS kernel library files to the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/dkload</emphasis> directory,
489 and the AFS initialization script to the <emphasis role="bold">/etc</emphasis> directory. <programlisting>
490 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -rp dkload /usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
491 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p rc.afs /etc/rc.afs</emphasis>
492 </programlisting></para>
496 <para>Edit the <emphasis role="bold">/etc/rc.afs</emphasis> script, setting the <computeroutput>NFS</computeroutput>
497 variable as indicated.</para>
499 <para>If the machine is not to function as an NFS/AFS Translator, set the <computeroutput>NFS</computeroutput> variable
506 <para>If the machine is to function as an NFS/AFS Translator and is running AIX 4.2.1 or higher, set the
507 <computeroutput>NFS</computeroutput> variable as follows. Note that NFS must already be loaded into the kernel, which
508 happens automatically on systems running AIX 4.1.1 and later, as long as the file <emphasis
509 role="bold">/etc/exports</emphasis> exists.</para>
517 <para>Invoke the <emphasis role="bold">/etc/rc.afs</emphasis> script to load AFS modifications into the kernel. You can
518 ignore any error messages about the inability to start the BOS Server or the Cache Manager or AFS client.
520 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/rc.afs</emphasis>
521 </programlisting></para>
523 </orderedlist></para>
526 <primary>configuring</primary>
528 <secondary>AFS server partition on first AFS machine</secondary>
530 <tertiary>AIX</tertiary>
534 <primary>AFS server partition</primary>
536 <secondary>configuring on first AFS machine</secondary>
538 <tertiary>AIX</tertiary>
542 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
544 <secondary>AFS server partition</secondary>
546 <tertiary>on AIX</tertiary>
550 <primary>AIX</primary>
552 <secondary>AFS server partition</secondary>
554 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
559 <title>Configuring Server Partitions on AIX Systems</title>
561 <para>Every AFS file server machine must have at least one partition or logical volume dedicated to storing AFS volumes. Each
562 server partition is mounted at a directory named <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>, where
563 <replaceable>xx</replaceable> is one or two lowercase letters. The <emphasis
564 role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> directories must reside in the file server machine's root
565 directory, not in one of its subdirectories (for example, <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vicepa</emphasis> is not an acceptable
566 directory location). For additional information, see <link linkend="HDRWQ20">Performing Platform-Specific
567 Procedures</link>.</para>
569 <para>To configure server partitions on an AIX system, perform the following procedures: <orderedlist>
571 <para>Create a directory called <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> for each AFS server
572 partition you are configuring (there must be at least one). Repeat the command for each partition. <programlisting>
573 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>
574 </programlisting></para>
578 <para>Use the <emphasis role="bold">SMIT</emphasis> program to create a journaling file system on each partition to be
579 configured as an AFS server partition.</para>
583 <para>Mount each partition at one of the <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>
584 directories. Choose one of the following three methods: <itemizedlist>
586 <para>Use the <emphasis role="bold">SMIT</emphasis> program</para>
590 <para>Use the <emphasis role="bold">mount -a</emphasis> command to mount all partitions at once</para>
594 <para>Use the <emphasis role="bold">mount</emphasis> command on each partition in turn</para>
596 </itemizedlist></para>
598 <para>Also configure the partitions so that they are mounted automatically at each reboot. For more information, refer
599 to the AIX documentation.</para>
601 </orderedlist></para>
604 <primary>replacing fsck program</primary>
606 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
608 <tertiary>AIX</tertiary>
612 <primary>fsck program</primary>
614 <secondary>on first AFS machine</secondary>
616 <tertiary>AIX</tertiary>
620 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
622 <secondary>fsck program</secondary>
624 <tertiary>on AIX</tertiary>
628 <primary>AIX</primary>
630 <secondary>fsck program</secondary>
632 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
637 <title>Replacing the fsck Program Helper on AIX Systems</title>
639 <note><para>The AFS modified fsck program is not required on AIX 5.1
640 systems, and the <emphasis role="bold">v3fshelper</emphasis> program
641 refered to below is not shipped for these systems.</para></note>
643 <para>In this section, you make modifications to guarantee that the appropriate <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program
644 runs on AFS server partitions. The <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program provided with the operating system must never
645 run on AFS server partitions. Because it does not recognize the structures that the File Server uses to organize volume data,
646 it removes all of the data. To repeat:</para>
648 <para><emphasis role="bold">Never run the standard fsck program on AFS server partitions. It discards AFS
649 volumes.</emphasis></para>
651 <para>On AIX systems, you do not replace the <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> binary itself, but rather the
652 <emphasis>program helper</emphasis> file included in the AIX distribution as <emphasis
653 role="bold">/sbin/helpers/v3fshelper</emphasis>. <orderedlist>
655 <para>Move the AIX <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program helper to a safe location and install the version from
656 the AFS distribution in its place.
658 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /sbin/helpers</emphasis>
659 # <emphasis role="bold">mv v3fshelper v3fshelper.noafs</emphasis>
660 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p /tmp/afsdist/rs_aix42/root.server/etc/v3fshelper v3fshelper</emphasis>
661 </programlisting></para>
665 <para>If you plan to retain client functionality on this machine after completing the installation, proceed to <link
666 linkend="HDRWQ25">Enabling AFS Login on AIX Systems</link>. Otherwise, proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the
667 BOS Server</link>.</para>
669 </orderedlist></para>
672 <primary>enabling AFS login</primary>
674 <secondary>file server machine</secondary>
676 <tertiary>AIX</tertiary>
680 <primary>AFS login</primary>
682 <secondary>on file server machine</secondary>
684 <tertiary>AIX</tertiary>
688 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
690 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
692 <tertiary>on AIX</tertiary>
696 <primary>AIX</primary>
698 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
700 <tertiary>on file server machine</tertiary>
704 <primary>secondary authentication system (AIX)</primary>
706 <secondary>server machine</secondary>
711 <title>Enabling AFS Login on AIX Systems</title>
714 <para>If you plan to remove client functionality from this machine after completing the installation, skip this section and
715 proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the BOS Server</link>.</para>
718 <para>In modern AFS installations, you should be using Kerberos v5
719 for user login, and obtaining AFS tokens following this authentication
722 <para>There are currently no instructions available on configuring AIX to
723 automatically obtain AFS tokens at login. Following login, users can
724 obtain tokens by running the <emphasis role="bold">aklog</emphasis>
727 <para>Sites which still require <emphasis role="bold">kaserver</emphasis>
728 or external Kerberos v4 authentication should consult
729 <link linkend="KAS012">Enabling kaserver based AFS login on AIX systems</link>
730 for details of how to enable AIX login.</para>
732 <para>Proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the BOS Server</link>
733 (or if referring to these instructions while installing an additional
734 file server machine, return to <link linkend="HDRWQ108">Starting Server
735 Programs</link>).</para>
740 <title>Getting Started on HP-UX Systems</title>
742 <para>Begin by building AFS modifications into a new kernel; HP-UX
743 does not support dynamic loading. Then create partitions for storing
744 AFS volumes, and install and configure the AFS-modified <emphasis
745 role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program to run on AFS server
746 partitions. If the machine is to remain an AFS client machine,
747 incorporate AFS into the machine's Pluggable Authentication Module
748 (PAM) scheme. <indexterm>
749 <primary>incorporating AFS kernel extensions</primary>
751 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
753 <tertiary>HP-UX</tertiary>
754 </indexterm> <indexterm>
755 <primary>AFS kernel extensions</primary>
757 <secondary>on first AFS machine</secondary>
759 <tertiary>HP-UX</tertiary>
760 </indexterm> <indexterm>
761 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
763 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
765 <tertiary>on HP-UX</tertiary>
766 </indexterm> <indexterm>
767 <primary>HP-UX</primary>
769 <secondary>AFS-modified kernel</secondary>
771 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
775 <title>Building AFS into the HP-UX Kernel</title>
777 <para>Use the following instructions to build AFS modifications into the kernel on an HP-UX system. <orderedlist>
779 <para>Move the existing kernel-related files to a safe location. <programlisting>
780 # <emphasis role="bold">cp /stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix.noafs</emphasis>
781 # <emphasis role="bold">cp /stand/system /stand/system.noafs</emphasis>
782 </programlisting></para>
786 <para>Unpack the OpenAFS HP-UX distribution tarball. The examples
787 below assume that you have unpacked the files into the
788 <emphasis role="bold">/tmp/afsdist</emphasis> directory. If you
789 pick a different location, substitute this in all of the following
790 examples. Once you have unpacked the distribution, change directory
793 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /tmp/afsdist/hp_ux110/root.client</emphasis>
794 </programlisting></para>
798 <para>Copy the AFS initialization file to the local directory for initialization files (by convention, <emphasis
799 role="bold">/sbin/init.d</emphasis> on HP-UX machines). Note the removal of the <emphasis role="bold">.rc</emphasis>
800 extension as you copy the file. <programlisting>
801 # <emphasis role="bold">cp usr/vice/etc/afs.rc /sbin/init.d/afs</emphasis>
802 </programlisting></para>
806 <para>Copy the file <emphasis role="bold">afs.driver</emphasis> to the local <emphasis
807 role="bold">/usr/conf/master.d</emphasis> directory, changing its name to <emphasis role="bold">afs</emphasis> as you
809 # <emphasis role="bold">cp usr/vice/etc/afs.driver /usr/conf/master.d/afs</emphasis>
810 </programlisting></para>
814 <para>Copy the AFS kernel module to the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/conf/lib</emphasis> directory.</para>
816 <para>If the machine's kernel supports NFS server functionality:</para>
819 # <emphasis role="bold">cp bin/libafs.a /usr/conf/lib</emphasis>
822 <para>If the machine's kernel does not support NFS server functionality, change the file's name as you copy it:</para>
825 # <emphasis role="bold">cp bin/libafs.nonfs.a /usr/conf/lib/libafs.a</emphasis>
830 <para>Incorporate the AFS driver into the kernel, either using the <emphasis role="bold">SAM</emphasis> program or a
831 series of individual commands. <itemizedlist>
833 <para>To use the <emphasis role="bold">SAM</emphasis> program: <orderedlist>
835 <para>Invoke the <emphasis role="bold">SAM</emphasis> program, specifying the hostname of the local machine
836 as <replaceable>local_hostname</replaceable>. The <emphasis role="bold">SAM</emphasis> graphical user
837 interface pops up. <programlisting>
838 # <emphasis role="bold">sam -display</emphasis> <replaceable>local_hostname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">:0</emphasis>
839 </programlisting></para>
843 <para>Choose the <emphasis role="bold">Kernel Configuration</emphasis> icon, then the <emphasis
844 role="bold">Drivers</emphasis> icon. From the list of drivers, select <emphasis
845 role="bold">afs</emphasis>.</para>
849 <para>Open the pull-down <emphasis role="bold">Actions</emphasis> menu and choose the <emphasis
850 role="bold">Add Driver to Kernel</emphasis> option.</para>
854 <para>Open the <emphasis role="bold">Actions</emphasis> menu again and choose the <emphasis
855 role="bold">Create a New Kernel</emphasis> option.</para>
859 <para>Confirm your choices by choosing <emphasis role="bold">Yes</emphasis> and <emphasis
860 role="bold">OK</emphasis> when prompted by subsequent pop-up windows. The <emphasis
861 role="bold">SAM</emphasis> program builds the kernel and reboots the system.</para>
865 <para>Login again as the superuser <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>. <programlisting>
866 login: <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>
867 Password: <replaceable>root_password</replaceable>
868 </programlisting></para>
870 </orderedlist></para>
874 <para>To use individual commands: <orderedlist>
876 <para>Edit the file <emphasis role="bold">/stand/system</emphasis>, adding an entry for <emphasis
877 role="bold">afs</emphasis> to the <computeroutput>Subsystems</computeroutput> section.</para>
881 <para>Change to the <emphasis role="bold">/stand/build</emphasis> directory and issue the <emphasis
882 role="bold">mk_kernel</emphasis> command to build the kernel. <programlisting>
883 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /stand/build</emphasis>
884 # <emphasis role="bold">mk_kernel</emphasis>
885 </programlisting></para>
889 <para>Move the new kernel to the standard location (<emphasis role="bold">/stand/vmunix</emphasis>), reboot
890 the machine to start using it, and login again as the superuser <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>.
892 # <emphasis role="bold">mv /stand/build/vmunix_test /stand/vmunix</emphasis>
893 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /</emphasis>
894 # <emphasis role="bold">shutdown -r now</emphasis>
895 login: <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>
896 Password: <replaceable>root_password</replaceable>
897 </programlisting></para>
899 </orderedlist></para>
901 </itemizedlist></para>
903 </orderedlist></para>
906 <primary>configuring</primary>
908 <secondary>AFS server partition on first AFS machine</secondary>
910 <tertiary>HP-UX</tertiary>
914 <primary>AFS server partition</primary>
916 <secondary>configuring on first AFS machine</secondary>
918 <tertiary>HP-UX</tertiary>
922 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
924 <secondary>AFS server partition</secondary>
926 <tertiary>on HP-UX</tertiary>
930 <primary>HP-UX</primary>
932 <secondary>AFS server partition</secondary>
934 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
939 <title>Configuring Server Partitions on HP-UX Systems</title>
941 <para>Every AFS file server machine must have at least one partition or logical volume dedicated to storing AFS volumes. Each
942 server partition is mounted at a directory named <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>, where
943 <replaceable>xx</replaceable> is one or two lowercase letters. The <emphasis
944 role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> directories must reside in the file server machine's root
945 directory, not in one of its subdirectories (for example, <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vicepa</emphasis> is not an acceptable
946 directory location). For additional information, see <link linkend="HDRWQ20">Performing Platform-Specific Procedures</link>.
949 <para>Create a directory called <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> for each AFS server
950 partition you are configuring (there must be at least one). Repeat the command for each partition. <programlisting>
951 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>
952 </programlisting></para>
956 <para>Use the <emphasis role="bold">SAM</emphasis> program to create a file system on each partition. For instructions,
957 consult the HP-UX documentation.</para>
961 <para>On some HP-UX systems that use logical volumes, the <emphasis role="bold">SAM</emphasis> program automatically
962 mounts the partitions. If it has not, mount each partition by issuing either the <emphasis role="bold">mount
963 -a</emphasis> command to mount all partitions at once or the <emphasis role="bold">mount</emphasis> command to mount
964 each partition in turn.</para>
966 </orderedlist></para>
969 <primary>replacing fsck program</primary>
971 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
973 <tertiary>HP-UX</tertiary>
977 <primary>fsck program</primary>
979 <secondary>on first AFS machine</secondary>
981 <tertiary>HP-UX</tertiary>
985 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
987 <secondary>fsck program</secondary>
989 <tertiary>on HP-UX</tertiary>
993 <primary>HP-UX</primary>
995 <secondary>fsck program</secondary>
997 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
1001 <sect2 id="HDRWQ34">
1002 <title>Configuring the AFS-modified fsck Program on HP-UX Systems</title>
1004 <para>In this section, you make modifications to guarantee that the appropriate <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program
1005 runs on AFS server partitions. The <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program provided with the operating system must never
1006 run on AFS server partitions. Because it does not recognize the structures that the File Server uses to organize volume data,
1007 it removes all of the data. To repeat:</para>
1009 <para><emphasis role="bold">Never run the standard fsck program on AFS server partitions. It discards AFS
1010 volumes.</emphasis></para>
1012 <para>On HP-UX systems, there are several configuration files to install in addition to the AFS-modified <emphasis
1013 role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program (the <emphasis role="bold">vfsck</emphasis> binary). <orderedlist>
1015 <para>Create the command configuration file <emphasis role="bold">/sbin/lib/mfsconfig.d/afs</emphasis>. Use a text
1016 editor to place the indicated two lines in it: <programlisting>
1018 fsck 0 m,P,p,d,f,b:c:y,n,Y,N,q,
1019 </programlisting></para>
1023 <para>Create and change directory to an AFS-specific command directory called <emphasis
1024 role="bold">/sbin/fs/afs</emphasis>. <programlisting>
1025 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /sbin/fs/afs</emphasis>
1026 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /sbin/fs/afs</emphasis>
1027 </programlisting></para>
1031 <para>Copy the AFS-modified version of the <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program (the <emphasis
1032 role="bold">vfsck</emphasis> binary) and related files from the distribution directory to the new AFS-specific command
1033 directory. <programlisting>
1034 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p /tmp/afsdist/hp_ux110/root.server/etc/* .</emphasis>
1035 </programlisting></para>
1039 <para>Change the <emphasis role="bold">vfsck</emphasis> binary's name to <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> and set
1040 the mode bits appropriately on all of the files in the <emphasis role="bold">/sbin/fs/afs</emphasis> directory.
1042 # <emphasis role="bold">mv vfsck fsck</emphasis>
1043 # <emphasis role="bold">chmod 755 *</emphasis>
1044 </programlisting></para>
1048 <para>Edit the <emphasis role="bold">/etc/fstab</emphasis> file, changing the file system type for each AFS server
1049 partition from <computeroutput>hfs</computeroutput> to <computeroutput>afs</computeroutput>. This ensures that the
1050 AFS-modified <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program runs on the appropriate partitions.</para>
1052 <para>The sixth line in the following example of an edited file shows an AFS server partition, <emphasis
1053 role="bold">/vicepa</emphasis>.</para>
1056 /dev/vg00/lvol1 / hfs defaults 0 1
1057 /dev/vg00/lvol4 /opt hfs defaults 0 2
1058 /dev/vg00/lvol5 /tmp hfs defaults 0 2
1059 /dev/vg00/lvol6 /usr hfs defaults 0 2
1060 /dev/vg00/lvol8 /var hfs defaults 0 2
1061 /dev/vg00/lvol9 /vicepa afs defaults 0 2
1062 /dev/vg00/lvol7 /usr/vice/cache hfs defaults 0 2
1067 <para>If you plan to retain client functionality on this machine after completing the installation, proceed to <link
1068 linkend="HDRWQ35">Enabling AFS Login on HP-UX Systems</link>. Otherwise, proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the
1069 BOS Server</link>.</para>
1071 </orderedlist></para>
1074 <primary>enabling AFS login</primary>
1076 <secondary>file server machine</secondary>
1078 <tertiary>HP-UX</tertiary>
1082 <primary>AFS login</primary>
1084 <secondary>on file server machine</secondary>
1086 <tertiary>HP-UX</tertiary>
1090 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
1092 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
1094 <tertiary>on HP-UX</tertiary>
1098 <primary>HP-UX</primary>
1100 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
1102 <tertiary>on file server machine</tertiary>
1106 <primary>PAM</primary>
1108 <secondary>on HP-UX</secondary>
1110 <tertiary>file server machine</tertiary>
1114 <primary>Pluggable Authentication Module</primary>
1120 <sect2 id="HDRWQ35">
1121 <title>Enabling AFS Login on HP-UX Systems</title>
1123 <note><para>If you plan to remove client functionality from this machine after completing the installation, skip this section and proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the BOS Server</link>.</para></note>
1125 <para>At this point you incorporate AFS into the operating system's
1126 Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) scheme. PAM integrates all
1127 authentication mechanisms on the machine, including login, to
1128 provide the security infrastructure for authenticated access to and
1129 from the machine.</para>
1131 <para>In modern AFS installations, you should be using Kerberos v5
1132 for user login, and obtaining AFS tokens subsequent to this
1133 authentication step. OpenAFS does not currently distribute a PAM
1134 module allowing AFS tokens to be automatically gained at
1135 login. Whilst there are a number of third party modules providing
1136 this functionality, it is not know if these have been tested with
1139 <para>Following login, users can obtain tokens by running the
1140 <emphasis role="bold">aklog</emphasis> command</para>
1142 <para>Sites which still require <emphasis
1143 role="bold">kaserver</emphasis> or external Kerberos v4
1144 authentication should consult <link linkend="KAS013">Enabling
1145 kaserver based AFS login on HP-UX systems</link> for details of how
1146 to enable HP-UX login.</para>
1148 <para>Proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the BOS
1149 Server</link> (or if referring to these instructions while
1150 installing an additional file server machine, return to <link
1151 linkend="HDRWQ108">Starting Server Programs</link>).</para>
1155 <sect1 id="HDRWQ36">
1156 <title>Getting Started on IRIX Systems</title>
1159 <primary>incorporating AFS kernel extensions</primary>
1161 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
1163 <tertiary>IRIX</tertiary>
1167 <primary>AFS kernel extensions</primary>
1169 <secondary>on first AFS machine</secondary>
1171 <tertiary>IRIX</tertiary>
1175 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
1177 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
1179 <tertiary>on IRIX</tertiary>
1183 <primary>replacing fsck program</primary>
1185 <secondary>not necessary on IRIX</secondary>
1189 <primary>fsck program</primary>
1191 <secondary>on first AFS machine</secondary>
1193 <tertiary>IRIX</tertiary>
1197 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
1199 <secondary>fsck program</secondary>
1201 <tertiary>on IRIX</tertiary>
1205 <primary>IRIX</primary>
1207 <secondary>fsck program replacement not necessary</secondary>
1210 <para>To incorporate AFS into the kernel on IRIX systems, choose one of two methods: <itemizedlist>
1212 <para>Run the AFS initialization script to invoke the <emphasis role="bold">ml</emphasis> program distributed by Silicon
1213 Graphics, Incorporated (SGI), which dynamically loads AFS modifications into the kernel</para>
1217 <para>Build a new static kernel</para>
1219 </itemizedlist></para>
1221 <para>Then create partitions for storing AFS volumes. You do not need to replace the IRIX <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis>
1222 program because SGI has already modified it to handle AFS volumes properly. If the machine is to remain an AFS client machine,
1223 verify that the IRIX login utility installed on the machine grants an AFS token.</para>
1225 <para>In preparation for either dynamic loading or kernel building, perform the following procedures: <orderedlist>
1227 <para>Unpack the OpenAFS IRIX distribution tarball. The examples
1228 below assume that you have unpacked the files into the
1229 <emphasis role="bold">/tmp/afsdist</emphasis> directory. If you
1230 pick a different location, substitue this in all of the following
1231 examples. Once you have unpacked the distribution, change directory
1234 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /tmp/afsdist/sgi_65/root.client</emphasis>
1235 </programlisting></para>
1239 <para>Copy the AFS initialization script to the local directory for initialization files (by convention, <emphasis
1240 role="bold">/etc/init.d</emphasis> on IRIX machines). Note the removal of the <emphasis role="bold">.rc</emphasis>
1241 extension as you copy the script. <programlisting>
1242 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p usr/vice/etc/afs.rc /etc/init.d/afs</emphasis>
1243 </programlisting></para>
1247 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">uname -m</emphasis> command to determine the machine's CPU board type. The <emphasis
1248 role="bold">IP</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> value in the output must match one of the supported CPU board types
1249 listed in the <emphasis>OpenAFS Release Notes</emphasis> for the current version of AFS. <programlisting>
1250 # <emphasis role="bold">uname -m</emphasis>
1251 </programlisting></para>
1255 <para>Proceed to either <link linkend="HDRWQ37">Loading AFS into the IRIX Kernel</link> or <link
1256 linkend="HDRWQ38">Building AFS into the IRIX Kernel</link>.</para>
1258 </orderedlist></para>
1261 <primary>IRIX</primary>
1263 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
1265 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
1269 <primary>afsml variable (IRIX)</primary>
1271 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
1275 <primary>variables</primary>
1277 <secondary>afsml (IRIX)</secondary>
1279 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
1283 <primary>IRIX</primary>
1285 <secondary>afsml variable</secondary>
1287 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
1291 <primary>afsxnfs variable (IRIX)</primary>
1293 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
1297 <primary>variables</primary>
1299 <secondary>afsxnfs (IRIX)</secondary>
1301 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
1305 <primary>IRIX</primary>
1307 <secondary>afsxnfs variable</secondary>
1309 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
1312 <sect2 id="HDRWQ37">
1313 <title>Loading AFS into the IRIX Kernel</title>
1315 <para>The <emphasis role="bold">ml</emphasis> program is the dynamic kernel loader provided by SGI for IRIX systems. If you
1316 use it rather than building AFS modifications into a static kernel, then for AFS to function correctly the <emphasis
1317 role="bold">ml</emphasis> program must run each time the machine reboots. Therefore, the AFS initialization script (included
1318 on the AFS CD-ROM) invokes it automatically when the <emphasis role="bold">afsml</emphasis> configuration variable is
1319 activated. In this section you activate the variable and run the script.</para>
1321 <para>In later sections you verify that the script correctly initializes all AFS components, then create the links that
1322 incorporate AFS into the IRIX startup and shutdown sequence. <orderedlist>
1324 <para>Create the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/sgiload</emphasis> directory to house the AFS kernel library
1325 file. <programlisting>
1326 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /usr/vice/etc/sgiload</emphasis>
1327 </programlisting></para>
1331 <para>Copy the appropriate AFS kernel library file to the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/sgiload</emphasis>
1332 directory. The <emphasis role="bold">IP</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> portion of the library file name must
1333 match the value previously returned by the <emphasis role="bold">uname -m</emphasis> command. Also choose the file
1334 appropriate to whether the machine's kernel supports NFS server functionality (NFS must be supported for the machine to
1335 act as an NFS/AFS Translator). Single- and multiprocessor machines use the same library file.</para>
1337 <para>(You can choose to copy all of the kernel library files into the <emphasis
1338 role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/sgiload</emphasis> directory, but they require a significant amount of space.)</para>
1340 <para>If the machine's kernel supports NFS server functionality:</para>
1343 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p usr/vice/etc/sgiload/libafs.IP</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">.o /usr/vice/etc/sgiload</emphasis>
1346 <para>If the machine's kernel does not support NFS server functionality:</para>
1349 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p usr/vice/etc/sgiload/libafs.IP</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">.nonfs.o</emphasis> \
1350 <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/sgiload</emphasis>
1355 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">chkconfig</emphasis> command to activate the <emphasis
1356 role="bold">afsml</emphasis> configuration variable. <programlisting>
1357 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/chkconfig -f afsml on</emphasis>
1358 </programlisting></para>
1360 <para>If the machine is to function as an NFS/AFS Translator and the kernel supports NFS server functionality, activate
1361 the <emphasis role="bold">afsxnfs</emphasis> variable.</para>
1364 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/chkconfig -f afsxnfs on</emphasis>
1369 <para>Run the <emphasis role="bold">/etc/init.d/afs</emphasis> script to load AFS extensions into the kernel. The script
1370 invokes the <emphasis role="bold">ml</emphasis> command, automatically determining which kernel library file to use
1371 based on this machine's CPU type and the activation state of the <emphasis role="bold">afsxnfs</emphasis>
1374 <para>You can ignore any error messages about the inability to start the BOS Server or the Cache Manager or AFS
1378 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/init.d/afs start</emphasis>
1383 <para>Proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ39">Configuring Server Partitions on IRIX Systems</link>.</para>
1385 </orderedlist></para>
1388 <primary>IRIX</primary>
1390 <secondary>AFS-modified kernel</secondary>
1392 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
1396 <sect2 id="HDRWQ38">
1397 <title>Building AFS into the IRIX Kernel</title>
1399 <para>Use the following instructions to build AFS modifications into the kernel on an IRIX system. <orderedlist>
1401 <para>Copy the kernel initialization file <emphasis role="bold">afs.sm</emphasis> to the local <emphasis
1402 role="bold">/var/sysgen/system</emphasis> directory, and the kernel master file <emphasis role="bold">afs</emphasis> to
1403 the local <emphasis role="bold">/var/sysgen/master.d</emphasis> directory. <programlisting>
1404 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p bin/afs.sm /var/sysgen/system</emphasis>
1405 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p bin/afs /var/sysgen/master.d</emphasis>
1406 </programlisting></para>
1410 <para>Copy the appropriate AFS kernel library file to the local file <emphasis
1411 role="bold">/var/sysgen/boot/afs.a</emphasis>; the <emphasis role="bold">IP</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>
1412 portion of the library file name must match the value previously returned by the <emphasis role="bold">uname
1413 -m</emphasis> command. Also choose the file appropriate to whether the machine's kernel supports NFS server
1414 functionality (NFS must be supported for the machine to act as an NFS/AFS Translator). Single- and multiprocessor
1415 machines use the same library file.</para>
1417 <para>If the machine's kernel supports NFS server functionality:</para>
1420 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p bin/libafs.IP</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">.a /var/sysgen/boot/afs.a</emphasis>
1423 <para>If the machine's kernel does not support NFS server functionality:</para>
1426 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p bin/libafs.IP</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">.nonfs.a /var/sysgen/boot/afs.a</emphasis>
1431 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">chkconfig</emphasis> command to deactivate the <emphasis
1432 role="bold">afsml</emphasis> configuration variable. <programlisting>
1433 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/chkconfig -f afsml off</emphasis>
1434 </programlisting></para>
1436 <para>If the machine is to function as an NFS/AFS Translator and the kernel supports NFS server functionality, activate
1437 the <emphasis role="bold">afsxnfs</emphasis> variable.</para>
1440 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/chkconfig -f afsxnfs on</emphasis>
1445 <para>Copy the existing kernel file, <emphasis role="bold">/unix</emphasis>, to a safe location. Compile the new kernel,
1446 which is created in the file <emphasis role="bold">/unix.install</emphasis>. It overwrites the existing <emphasis
1447 role="bold">/unix</emphasis> file when the machine reboots in the next step. <programlisting>
1448 # <emphasis role="bold">cp /unix /unix_noafs</emphasis>
1449 # <emphasis role="bold">autoconfig</emphasis>
1450 </programlisting></para>
1454 <para>Reboot the machine to start using the new kernel, and login again as the superuser <emphasis
1455 role="bold">root</emphasis>. <programlisting>
1456 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /</emphasis>
1457 # <emphasis role="bold">shutdown -i6 -g0 -y</emphasis>
1458 login: <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>
1459 Password: <replaceable>root_password</replaceable>
1460 </programlisting></para>
1462 </orderedlist></para>
1465 <primary>configuring</primary>
1467 <secondary>AFS server partition on first AFS machine</secondary>
1469 <tertiary>IRIX</tertiary>
1473 <primary>AFS server partition</primary>
1475 <secondary>configuring on first AFS machine</secondary>
1477 <tertiary>IRIX</tertiary>
1481 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
1483 <secondary>AFS server partition</secondary>
1485 <tertiary>on IRIX</tertiary>
1489 <primary>IRIX</primary>
1491 <secondary>AFS server partition</secondary>
1493 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
1497 <sect2 id="HDRWQ39">
1498 <title>Configuring Server Partitions on IRIX Systems</title>
1500 <para>Every AFS file server machine must have at least one partition or logical volume dedicated to storing AFS volumes. Each
1501 server partition is mounted at a directory named <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>, where
1502 <replaceable>xx</replaceable> is one or two lowercase letters. The <emphasis
1503 role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> directories must reside in the file server machine's root
1504 directory, not in one of its subdirectories (for example, <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vicepa</emphasis> is not an acceptable
1505 directory location). For additional information, see <link linkend="HDRWQ20">Performing Platform-Specific
1506 Procedures</link>.</para>
1508 <para>AFS supports use of both EFS and XFS partitions for housing AFS volumes. SGI encourages use of XFS partitions.
1511 <para>Create a directory called <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> for each AFS server
1512 partition you are configuring (there must be at least one). Repeat the command for each partition. <programlisting>
1513 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>
1514 </programlisting></para>
1518 <para>Add a line with the following format to the file systems registry file, <emphasis
1519 role="bold">/etc/fstab</emphasis>, for each partition (or logical volume created with the XLV volume manager) to be
1520 mounted on one of the directories created in the previous step.</para>
1522 <para>For an XFS partition or logical volume:</para>
1525 /dev/dsk/<replaceable>disk</replaceable> /vicep<replaceable>xx</replaceable> xfs rw,raw=/dev/rdsk/<replaceable>disk</replaceable> 0 0
1528 <para>For an EFS partition:</para>
1531 /dev/dsk/<replaceable>disk</replaceable> /vicep<replaceable>xx</replaceable> efs rw,raw=/dev/rdsk/<replaceable>disk</replaceable> 0 0
1534 <para>The following are examples of an entry for each file system type:</para>
1537 /dev/dsk/dks0d2s6 /vicepa xfs rw,raw=/dev/rdsk/dks0d2s6 0 0
1538 /dev/dsk/dks0d3s1 /vicepb efs rw,raw=/dev/rdsk/dks0d3s1 0 0
1543 <para>Create a file system on each partition that is to be mounted on a <emphasis
1544 role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> directory. The following commands are probably appropriate,
1545 but consult the IRIX documentation for more information. In both cases, <replaceable>raw_device</replaceable> is a raw
1546 device name like <emphasis role="bold">/dev/rdsk/dks0d0s0</emphasis> for a single disk partition or <emphasis
1547 role="bold">/dev/rxlv/xlv0</emphasis> for a logical volume.</para>
1549 <para>For XFS file systems, include the indicated options to configure the partition or logical volume with inodes large
1550 enough to accommodate AFS-specific information:</para>
1553 # <emphasis role="bold">mkfs -t xfs -i size=512 -l size=4000b</emphasis> <replaceable>raw_device</replaceable>
1556 <para>For EFS file systems:</para>
1559 # <emphasis role="bold">mkfs -t efs</emphasis> <replaceable>raw_device</replaceable>
1564 <para>Mount each partition by issuing either the <emphasis role="bold">mount -a</emphasis> command to mount all
1565 partitions at once or the <emphasis role="bold">mount</emphasis> command to mount each partition in turn.</para>
1569 <para><emphasis role="bold">(Optional)</emphasis> If you have configured partitions or logical volumes to use XFS, issue
1570 the following command to verify that the inodes are configured properly (are large enough to accommodate AFS-specific
1571 information). If the configuration is correct, the command returns no output. Otherwise, it specifies the command to run
1572 in order to configure each partition or logical volume properly. <programlisting>
1573 # <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/bin/xfs_size_check</emphasis>
1574 </programlisting></para>
1578 <para>If you plan to retain client functionality on this machine after completing the installation, proceed to <link
1579 linkend="HDRWQ40">Enabling AFS Login on IRIX Systems</link>. Otherwise, proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the
1580 BOS Server</link>.</para>
1582 </orderedlist></para>
1585 <primary>enabling AFS login</primary>
1587 <secondary>file server machine</secondary>
1589 <tertiary>IRIX</tertiary>
1593 <primary>AFS login</primary>
1595 <secondary>on file server machine</secondary>
1597 <tertiary>IRIX</tertiary>
1601 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
1603 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
1605 <tertiary>on IRIX</tertiary>
1609 <primary>IRIX</primary>
1611 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
1615 <sect2 id="HDRWQ40">
1616 <title>Enabling AFS Login on IRIX Systems</title>
1619 <para>If you plan to remove client functionality from this machine after completing the installation, skip this section and
1620 proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the BOS Server</link>.</para>
1623 <para>Whilst the standard IRIX command-line
1624 <emphasis role="bold">login</emphasis> program and the
1625 graphical <emphasis role="bold">xdm</emphasis> login program both have
1626 the ability to grant AFS tokens, this ability relies upon the deprecated
1627 kaserver authentication system.</para>
1629 <para>Users who have been successfully authenticated via Kerberos 5
1630 authentication may obtain AFS tokens following login by running the
1631 <emphasis role="bold">aklog</emphasis> command.</para>
1633 <para>Sites which still require <emphasis role="bold">kaserver</emphasis>
1634 or external Kerberos v4 authentication should consult
1635 <link linkend="KAS014">Enabling kaserver based AFS Login on IRIX Systems</link>
1636 for details of how to enable IRIX login.</para>
1638 <para>After taking any necessary action, proceed to
1639 <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the BOS Server</link>.</para>
1643 <sect1 id="HDRWQ41">
1644 <title>Getting Started on Linux Systems</title>
1647 <primary>replacing fsck program</primary>
1649 <secondary>not necessary on Linux</secondary>
1653 <primary>fsck program</primary>
1655 <secondary>on first AFS machine</secondary>
1657 <tertiary>Linux</tertiary>
1661 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
1663 <secondary>fsck program</secondary>
1665 <tertiary>on Linux</tertiary>
1669 <primary>Linux</primary>
1671 <secondary>fsck program replacement not necessary</secondary>
1674 <para>Since this guide was originally written, the procedure for starting
1675 OpenAFS has diverged significantly between different Linux distributions.
1676 The instructions that follow are appropriate for both the Fedora and
1677 RedHat Enterprise Linux packages distributed by OpenAFS. Additional
1678 instructions are provided for those building from source.</para>
1680 <para>Begin by running the AFS client startup scripts, which call the
1681 <emphasis role="bold">modprobe</emphasis> program to dynamically
1682 load the AFS modifications into the kernel. Then create partitions for
1683 storing AFS volumes. You do not need to replace the Linux <emphasis
1684 role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program. If the machine is to remain an
1685 AFS client machine, incorporate AFS into the machine's Pluggable
1686 Authentication Module (PAM) scheme. <indexterm>
1687 <primary>incorporating AFS kernel extensions</primary>
1689 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
1691 <tertiary>Linux</tertiary>
1692 </indexterm> <indexterm>
1693 <primary>AFS kernel extensions</primary>
1695 <secondary>on first AFS machine</secondary>
1697 <tertiary>Linux</tertiary>
1698 </indexterm> <indexterm>
1699 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
1701 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
1703 <tertiary>on Linux</tertiary>
1704 </indexterm> <indexterm>
1705 <primary>Linux</primary>
1707 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
1709 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
1712 <sect2 id="HDRWQ42">
1713 <title>Loading AFS into the Linux Kernel</title>
1715 <para>The <emphasis role="bold">modprobe</emphasis> program is the dynamic kernel loader for Linux. Linux does not support
1716 incorporation of AFS modifications during a kernel build.</para>
1718 <para>For AFS to function correctly, the <emphasis role="bold">modprobe</emphasis> program must run each time the machine
1719 reboots, so your distribution's AFS initialization script invokes it automatically. The script also includes
1720 commands that select the appropriate AFS library file automatically. In this section you run the script.</para>
1722 <para>In later sections you verify that the script correctly initializes all AFS components, then activate a configuration
1723 variable, which results in the script being incorporated into the Linux startup and shutdown sequence.</para>
1725 <para>The procedure for starting up OpenAFS depends upon your distribution</para>
1727 <title>Fedora and RedHat Enterprise Linux</title>
1728 <para>OpenAFS provides RPMS for all current Fedora and RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) releases on the OpenAFS web site and the OpenAFS yum repository.
1732 http://dl.openafs.org/dl/openafs/<replaceable>VERSION</replaceable>,
1733 where VERSION is the latest stable release of
1734 OpenAFS. Download the
1735 openafs-repository-<replaceable>VERSION</replaceable>.noarch.rpm
1736 file for Fedora systems or the
1737 openafs-repository-rhel-<replaceable>VERSION</replaceable>.noarch.rpm
1738 file for RedHat-based systems.
1742 <para>Install the downloaded RPM file using the following command:
1744 # rpm -U openafs-repository*.rpm
1749 <para>Install the RPM set for your operating system using the yum command as follows:
1751 # yum -y install openafs-client openafs-server openafs-krb5 kmod-openafs
1755 <para>Alternatively, you may use dynamically-compiled kernel
1756 modules if you have the kernel headers, a compiler, and the
1758 <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL"><citetitle>EPEL</citetitle></ulink> installed.
1761 <para>To use dynamically-compiled kernel modules instead of statically compiled modules, use the following command instead of the kmod-openafs as shown above:
1763 # yum install openafs-client openafs-server openafs-krb5 dkms-openafs
1767 <!-- If you do this with current RHEL and Fedora releases you end up with
1768 a dynroot'd client running - this breaks setting up the root.afs volume
1769 as described later in this guide
1771 <para>Run the AFS initialization script to load AFS extensions into
1772 the kernel. You can ignore any error messages about the inability
1773 to start the BOS Server or the Cache Manager or AFS client.</para>
1775 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/rc.d/init.d/openafs-client start</emphasis>
1783 <title>Systems packaged as tar files</title>
1784 <para>If you are running a system where the OpenAFS Binary Distribution
1785 is provided as a tar file, or where you have built the system from
1786 source yourself, you need to install the relevant components by hand
1791 <para>Unpack the distribution tarball. The examples below assume
1792 that you have unpacked the files into the
1793 <emphasis role="bold">/tmp/afsdist</emphasis>directory. If you
1794 pick a different location, substitute this in all of the following
1795 examples. Once you have unpacked the distribution,
1796 change directory as indicated.
1798 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /tmp/afsdist/linux/root.client/usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
1799 </programlisting></para>
1803 <para>Copy the AFS kernel library files to the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/modload</emphasis> directory.
1804 The filenames for the libraries have the format <emphasis
1805 role="bold">libafs-</emphasis><replaceable>version</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">.o</emphasis>, where
1806 <replaceable>version</replaceable> indicates the kernel build level. The string <emphasis role="bold">.mp</emphasis> in
1807 the <replaceable>version</replaceable> indicates that the file is appropriate for machines running a multiprocessor
1808 kernel. <programlisting>
1809 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -rp modload /usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
1810 </programlisting></para>
1814 <para>Copy the AFS initialization script to the local directory for initialization files (by convention, <emphasis
1815 role="bold">/etc/rc.d/init.d</emphasis> on Linux machines). Note the removal of the <emphasis role="bold">.rc</emphasis>
1816 extension as you copy the script. <programlisting>
1817 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p afs.rc /etc/rc.d/init.d/afs</emphasis>
1818 </programlisting></para>
1821 <!-- I don't think we need to do this for Linux, and it complicates things if
1822 dynroot is enabled ...
1824 <para>Run the AFS initialization script to load AFS extensions into the kernel. You can ignore any error messages about
1825 the inability to start the BOS Server or the Cache Manager or AFS client.</para>
1827 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/rc.d/init.d/afs start</emphasis>
1834 <primary>configuring</primary>
1836 <secondary>AFS server partition on first AFS machine</secondary>
1838 <tertiary>Linux</tertiary>
1842 <primary>AFS server partition</primary>
1844 <secondary>configuring on first AFS machine</secondary>
1846 <tertiary>Linux</tertiary>
1850 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
1852 <secondary>AFS server partition</secondary>
1854 <tertiary>on Linux</tertiary>
1858 <primary>Linux</primary>
1860 <secondary>AFS server partition</secondary>
1862 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
1867 <sect2 id="HDRWQ43">
1868 <title>Configuring Server Partitions on Linux Systems</title>
1870 <para>Every AFS file server machine must have at least one partition or logical volume dedicated to storing AFS volumes. Each
1871 server partition is mounted at a directory named <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>, where
1872 <replaceable>xx</replaceable> is one or two lowercase letters. The <emphasis
1873 role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> directories must reside in the file server machine's root
1874 directory, not in one of its subdirectories (for example, <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vicepa</emphasis> is not an acceptable
1875 directory location). For additional information, see <link linkend="HDRWQ20">Performing Platform-Specific Procedures</link>.
1878 <para>Create a directory called <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> for each AFS server
1879 partition you are configuring (there must be at least one). Repeat the command for each partition. <programlisting>
1880 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>
1881 </programlisting></para>
1885 <para>Add a line with the following format to the file systems registry file, <emphasis
1886 role="bold">/etc/fstab</emphasis>, for each directory just created. The entry maps the directory name to the disk
1887 partition to be mounted on it. <programlisting>
1888 /dev/<replaceable>disk</replaceable> /vicep<replaceable>xx</replaceable> ext2 defaults 0 2
1889 </programlisting></para>
1891 <para>The following is an example for the first partition being configured.</para>
1894 /dev/sda8 /vicepa ext2 defaults 0 2
1899 <para>Create a file system on each partition that is to be mounted at a <emphasis
1900 role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> directory. The following command is probably appropriate, but
1901 consult the Linux documentation for more information. <programlisting>
1902 # <emphasis role="bold">mkfs -v /dev/</emphasis><replaceable>disk</replaceable>
1903 </programlisting></para>
1907 <para>Mount each partition by issuing either the <emphasis role="bold">mount -a</emphasis> command to mount all
1908 partitions at once or the <emphasis role="bold">mount</emphasis> command to mount each partition in turn.</para>
1912 <para>If you plan to retain client functionality on this machine after completing the installation, proceed to <link
1913 linkend="HDRWQ44">Enabling AFS Login on Linux Systems</link>. Otherwise, proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the
1914 BOS Server</link>.</para>
1916 </orderedlist></para>
1919 <primary>enabling AFS login</primary>
1921 <secondary>file server machine</secondary>
1923 <tertiary>Linux</tertiary>
1927 <primary>AFS login</primary>
1929 <secondary>on file server machine</secondary>
1931 <tertiary>Linux</tertiary>
1935 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
1937 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
1939 <tertiary>on Linux</tertiary>
1943 <primary>Linux</primary>
1945 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
1947 <tertiary>on file server machine</tertiary>
1951 <primary>PAM</primary>
1953 <secondary>on Linux</secondary>
1955 <tertiary>file server machine</tertiary>
1959 <sect2 id="HDRWQ44">
1960 <title>Enabling AFS Login on Linux Systems</title>
1963 <para>If you plan to remove client functionality from this machine
1964 after completing the installation, skip this section and proceed
1965 to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the BOS Server</link>.</para>
1968 <para>At this point you incorporate AFS into the operating system's
1969 Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) scheme. PAM integrates all
1970 authentication mechanisms on the machine, including login, to provide
1971 the security infrastructure for authenticated access to and from the
1974 <para>You should first configure your system to obtain Kerberos v5
1975 tickets as part of the authentication process, and then run an AFS PAM
1976 module to obtain tokens from those tickets after authentication. Many
1977 Linux distributions come with a Kerberos v5 PAM module (usually called
1978 pam-krb5 or pam_krb5), or you can download and install <ulink
1979 url="http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/software/pam-krb5">Russ Allbery's
1980 Kerberos v5 PAM module</ulink>, which is tested regularly with AFS.
1981 See the instructions of whatever PAM module you use for how to
1982 configure it.</para>
1984 <para>Some Kerberos v5 PAM modules do come with native AFS support
1985 (usually requiring the Heimdal Kerberos implementation rather than the
1986 MIT Kerberos implementation). If you are using one of those PAM
1987 modules, you can configure it to obtain AFS tokens. It's more common,
1988 however, to separate the AFS token acquisition into a separate PAM
1991 <para>The recommended AFS PAM module is <ulink
1992 url="http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/software/pam-afs-session/">Russ
1993 Allbery's pam-afs-session module</ulink>. It should work with any of
1994 the Kerberos v5 PAM modules. To add it to the PAM configuration, you
1995 often only need to add configuration to the session group:</para>
1998 <title>Linux PAM session example</title>
1999 <literallayout>session required pam_afs_session.so</literallayout>
2002 <para>If you also want to obtain AFS tokens for <command>scp</command>
2003 and similar commands that don't open a session, you will also need to
2004 add the AFS PAM module to the auth group so that the PAM
2005 <function>setcred</function> call will obtain tokens. The
2006 <literal>pam_afs_session</literal> module will always return success
2007 for authentication so that it can be added to the auth group only for
2008 <function>setcred</function>, so make sure that it's not marked as
2009 <literal>sufficient</literal>.</para>
2012 <title>Linux PAM auth example</title>
2013 <literallayout>auth [success=ok default=1] pam_krb5.so
2014 auth [default=done] pam_afs_session.so
2015 auth required pam_unix.so try_first_pass</literallayout>
2018 <para>This example will work if you want to try Kerberos v5 first and
2019 then fall back to regular Unix authentication.
2020 <literal>success=ok</literal> for the Kerberos PAM module followed by
2021 <literal>default=done</literal> for the AFS PAM module will cause a
2022 successful Kerberos login to run the AFS PAM module and then skip the
2023 Unix authentication module. <literal>default=1</literal> on the
2024 Kerberos PAM module causes failure of that module to skip the next
2025 module (the AFS PAM module) and fall back to the Unix module. If you
2026 want to try Unix authentication first and rearrange the order, be sure
2027 to use <literal>default=die</literal> instead.</para>
2029 <para>The PAM configuration is stored in different places in different
2030 Linux distributions. On Red Hat, look in
2031 <filename>/etc/pam.d/system-auth</filename>. On Debian and
2032 derivatives, look in <filename>/etc/pam.d/common-session</filename>
2033 and <filename>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</filename>.</para>
2035 <para>For additional configuration examples and the configuration
2036 options of the AFS PAM module, see its documentation. For more
2037 details on the available options for the PAM configuration, see the
2038 Linux PAM documentation.</para>
2040 <para>Sites which still require <command>kaserver</command> or
2041 external Kerberos v4 authentication should consult <link
2042 linkend="KAS015">Enabling kaserver based AFS Login on Linux
2043 Systems</link> for details of how to enable AFS login on Linux.</para>
2045 <para>Proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the BOS
2046 Server</link> (or if referring to these instructions while installing
2047 an additional file server machine, return to <link
2048 linkend="HDRWQ108">Starting Server Programs</link>).</para>
2052 <sect1 id="HDRWQ45">
2053 <title>Getting Started on Solaris Systems</title>
2055 <para>Begin by running the AFS initialization script to call the <emphasis role="bold">modload</emphasis> program distributed by
2056 Sun Microsystems, which dynamically loads AFS modifications into the kernel. Then create partitions for storing AFS volumes, and
2057 install and configure the AFS-modified <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program to run on AFS server partitions. If the
2058 machine is to remain an AFS client machine, incorporate AFS into the machine's Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) scheme.
2060 <primary>incorporating AFS kernel extensions</primary>
2062 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
2064 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
2065 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2066 <primary>AFS kernel extensions</primary>
2068 <secondary>on first AFS machine</secondary>
2070 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
2071 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2072 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2074 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
2076 <tertiary>on Solaris</tertiary>
2077 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2078 <primary>Solaris</primary>
2080 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
2082 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
2085 <sect2 id="HDRWQ46">
2086 <title>Loading AFS into the Solaris Kernel</title>
2088 <para>The <emphasis role="bold">modload</emphasis> program is the dynamic kernel loader provided by Sun Microsystems for
2089 Solaris systems. Solaris does not support incorporation of AFS modifications during a kernel build.</para>
2091 <para>For AFS to function correctly, the <emphasis role="bold">modload</emphasis> program must run each time the machine
2092 reboots, so the AFS initialization script (included on the AFS CD-ROM) invokes it automatically. In this section you copy the
2093 appropriate AFS library file to the location where the <emphasis role="bold">modload</emphasis> program accesses it and then
2094 run the script.</para>
2096 <para>In later sections you verify that the script correctly initializes all AFS components, then create the links that
2097 incorporate AFS into the Solaris startup and shutdown sequence. <orderedlist>
2099 <para>Unpack the OpenAFS Solaris distribution tarball. The examples
2100 below assume that you have unpacked the files into the
2101 <emphasis role="bold">/tmp/afsdist</emphasis> directory. If you
2102 pick a diferent location, substitute this in all of the following
2103 exmaples. Once you have unpacked the distribution, change directory
2106 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /tmp/afsdist/sun4x_56/root.client/usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
2107 </programlisting></para>
2111 <para>Copy the AFS initialization script to the local directory for initialization files (by convention, <emphasis
2112 role="bold">/etc/init.d</emphasis> on Solaris machines). Note the removal of the <emphasis role="bold">.rc</emphasis>
2113 extension as you copy the script. <programlisting>
2114 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p afs.rc /etc/init.d/afs</emphasis>
2115 </programlisting></para>
2119 <para>Copy the appropriate AFS kernel library file to the local file <emphasis
2120 role="bold">/kernel/fs/afs</emphasis>.</para>
2122 <para>If the machine is running Solaris 2.6 or the 32-bit version of Solaris 7, its kernel supports NFS server
2123 functionality, and the <emphasis role="bold">nfsd</emphasis> process is running:</para>
2126 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p modload/libafs.o /kernel/fs/afs</emphasis>
2129 <para>If the machine is running Solaris 2.6 or the 32-bit version of Solaris 7, and its kernel does not support NFS
2130 server functionality or the <emphasis role="bold">nfsd</emphasis> process is not running:</para>
2133 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p modload/libafs.nonfs.o /kernel/fs/afs</emphasis>
2136 <para>If the machine is running the 64-bit version of Solaris 7, its kernel supports NFS server functionality, and the
2137 <emphasis role="bold">nfsd</emphasis> process is running:</para>
2140 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p modload/libafs64.o /kernel/fs/sparcv9/afs</emphasis>
2143 <para>If the machine is running the 64-bit version of Solaris 7, and its kernel does not support NFS server
2144 functionality or the <emphasis role="bold">nfsd</emphasis> process is not running:</para>
2147 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p modload/libafs64.nonfs.o /kernel/fs/sparcv9/afs</emphasis>
2152 <para>Run the AFS initialization script to load AFS modifications into the kernel. You can ignore any error messages
2153 about the inability to start the BOS Server or the Cache Manager or AFS client. <programlisting>
2154 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/init.d/afs start</emphasis>
2155 </programlisting></para>
2157 <para>When an entry called <computeroutput>afs</computeroutput> does not already exist in the local <emphasis
2158 role="bold">/etc/name_to_sysnum</emphasis> file, the script automatically creates it and reboots the machine to start
2159 using the new version of the file. If this happens, log in again as the superuser <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>
2160 after the reboot and run the initialization script again. This time the required entry exists in the <emphasis
2161 role="bold">/etc/name_to_sysnum</emphasis> file, and the <emphasis role="bold">modload</emphasis> program runs.</para>
2164 login: <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>
2165 Password: <replaceable>root_password</replaceable>
2166 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/init.d/afs start</emphasis>
2169 </orderedlist></para>
2172 <primary>replacing fsck program</primary>
2174 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
2176 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
2180 <primary>fsck program</primary>
2182 <secondary>on first AFS machine</secondary>
2184 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
2188 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2190 <secondary>fsck program</secondary>
2192 <tertiary>on Solaris</tertiary>
2196 <primary>Solaris</primary>
2198 <secondary>fsck program</secondary>
2200 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
2204 <sect2 id="HDRWQ47">
2205 <title>Configuring the AFS-modified fsck Program on Solaris Systems</title>
2207 <para>In this section, you make modifications to guarantee that the appropriate <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program
2208 runs on AFS server partitions. The <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program provided with the operating system must never
2209 run on AFS server partitions. Because it does not recognize the structures that the File Server uses to organize volume data,
2210 it removes all of the data. To repeat:</para>
2212 <para><emphasis role="bold">Never run the standard fsck program on AFS server partitions. It discards AFS volumes.</emphasis>
2215 <para>Create the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/lib/fs/afs</emphasis> directory to house the AFS-modified <emphasis
2216 role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program and related files. <programlisting>
2217 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /usr/lib/fs/afs</emphasis>
2218 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /usr/lib/fs/afs</emphasis>
2219 </programlisting></para>
2223 <para>Copy the <emphasis role="bold">vfsck</emphasis> binary to the newly created directory, changing the name as you do
2224 so. <programlisting>
2225 # <emphasis role="bold">cp /tmp/afsdist/sun4x_56/root.server/etc/vfsck fsck</emphasis>
2226 </programlisting></para>
2230 <para>Working in the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/lib/fs/afs</emphasis> directory, create the following links to Solaris
2231 libraries: <programlisting>
2232 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/clri</emphasis>
2233 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/df</emphasis>
2234 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/edquota</emphasis>
2235 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/ff</emphasis>
2236 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/fsdb</emphasis>
2237 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/fsirand</emphasis>
2238 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/fstyp</emphasis>
2239 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/labelit</emphasis>
2240 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/lockfs</emphasis>
2241 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/mkfs</emphasis>
2242 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/mount</emphasis>
2243 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/ncheck</emphasis>
2244 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/newfs</emphasis>
2245 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/quot</emphasis>
2246 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/quota</emphasis>
2247 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/quotaoff</emphasis>
2248 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/quotaon</emphasis>
2249 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/repquota</emphasis>
2250 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/tunefs</emphasis>
2251 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/ufsdump</emphasis>
2252 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/ufsrestore</emphasis>
2253 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/lib/fs/ufs/volcopy</emphasis>
2254 </programlisting></para>
2258 <para>Append the following line to the end of the file <emphasis role="bold">/etc/dfs/fstypes</emphasis>.
2261 </programlisting></para>
2265 <para>Edit the <emphasis role="bold">/sbin/mountall</emphasis> file, making two changes. <itemizedlist>
2267 <para>Add an entry for AFS to the <computeroutput>case</computeroutput> statement for option 2, so that it reads
2268 as follows: <programlisting>
2270 ufs) foptions="-o p"
2272 afs) foptions="-o p"
2274 s5) foptions="-y -t /var/tmp/tmp$$ -D"
2278 </programlisting></para>
2282 <para>Edit the file so that all AFS and UFS partitions are checked in parallel. Replace the following section of
2283 code: <programlisting>
2284 # For fsck purposes, we make a distinction between ufs and
2285 # other file systems
2287 if [ "$fstype" = "ufs" ]; then
2288 ufs_fscklist="$ufs_fscklist $fsckdev"
2289 saveentry $fstype "$OPTIONS" $special $mountp
2292 </programlisting></para>
2294 <para>with the following section of code:</para>
2297 # For fsck purposes, we make a distinction between ufs/afs
2298 # and other file systems.
2300 if [ "$fstype" = "ufs" -o "$fstype" = "afs" ]; then
2301 ufs_fscklist="$ufs_fscklist $fsckdev"
2302 saveentry $fstype "$OPTIONS" $special $mountp
2307 </itemizedlist></para>
2309 </orderedlist></para>
2312 <primary>configuring</primary>
2314 <secondary>AFS server partition on first AFS machine</secondary>
2316 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
2320 <primary>AFS server partition</primary>
2322 <secondary>configuring on first AFS machine</secondary>
2324 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
2328 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2330 <secondary>AFS server partition</secondary>
2332 <tertiary>on Solaris</tertiary>
2336 <primary>Solaris</primary>
2338 <secondary>AFS server partition</secondary>
2340 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
2344 <sect2 id="HDRWQ48">
2345 <title>Configuring Server Partitions on Solaris Systems</title>
2347 <para>Every AFS file server machine must have at least one partition or logical volume dedicated to storing AFS volumes. Each
2348 server partition is mounted at a directory named <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>, where
2349 <replaceable>xx</replaceable> is one or two lowercase letters. The <emphasis
2350 role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> directories must reside in the file server machine's root
2351 directory, not in one of its subdirectories (for example, <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vicepa</emphasis> is not an acceptable
2352 directory location). For additional information, see <link linkend="HDRWQ20">Performing Platform-Specific Procedures</link>.
2355 <para>Create a directory called <emphasis role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> for each AFS server
2356 partition you are configuring (there must be at least one). Repeat the command for each partition. <programlisting>
2357 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>
2358 </programlisting></para>
2362 <para>Add a line with the following format to the file systems registry file, <emphasis
2363 role="bold">/etc/vfstab</emphasis>, for each partition to be mounted on a directory created in the previous step. Note
2364 the value <computeroutput>afs</computeroutput> in the fourth field, which tells Solaris to use the AFS-modified
2365 <emphasis role="bold">fsck</emphasis> program on this partition. <programlisting>
2366 /dev/dsk/<replaceable>disk</replaceable> /dev/rdsk/<replaceable>disk</replaceable> /vicep<replaceable>xx</replaceable> afs <replaceable>boot_order</replaceable> yes
2367 </programlisting></para>
2369 <para>The following is an example for the first partition being configured.</para>
2372 /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s1 /dev/rdsk/c0t6d0s1 /vicepa afs 3 yes
2377 <para>Create a file system on each partition that is to be mounted at a <emphasis
2378 role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable> directory. The following command is probably appropriate, but
2379 consult the Solaris documentation for more information. <programlisting>
2380 # <emphasis role="bold">newfs -v /dev/rdsk/</emphasis><replaceable>disk</replaceable>
2381 </programlisting></para>
2385 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">mountall</emphasis> command to mount all partitions at once.</para>
2389 <para>If you plan to retain client functionality on this machine after completing the installation, proceed to <link
2390 linkend="HDRWQ49">Enabling AFS Login and Editing the File Systems Clean-up Script on Solaris Systems</link>. Otherwise,
2391 proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the BOS Server</link>.</para>
2393 </orderedlist></para>
2396 <sect2 id="HDRWQ49">
2397 <title>Enabling AFS Login on Solaris Systems</title>
2399 <primary>enabling AFS login</primary>
2401 <secondary>file server machine</secondary>
2403 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
2407 <primary>AFS login</primary>
2409 <secondary>on file server machine</secondary>
2411 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
2415 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2417 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
2419 <tertiary>on Solaris</tertiary>
2423 <primary>Solaris</primary>
2425 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
2427 <tertiary>on file server machine</tertiary>
2431 <primary>PAM</primary>
2433 <secondary>on Solaris</secondary>
2435 <tertiary>file server machine</tertiary>
2439 <para>If you plan to remove client functionality from this machine after completing the installation, skip this section and
2440 proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the BOS Server</link>.</para>
2443 <para>At this point you incorporate AFS into the operating system's
2444 Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) scheme. PAM integrates all
2445 authentication mechanisms on the machine, including login, to provide
2446 the security infrastructure for authenticated access to and from the
2449 <para>Explaining PAM is beyond the scope of this document. It is
2450 assumed that you understand the syntax and meanings of settings in the
2451 PAM configuration file (for example, how the
2452 <computeroutput>other</computeroutput> entry works, the effect of
2453 marking an entry as <computeroutput>required</computeroutput>,
2454 <computeroutput>optional</computeroutput>, or
2455 <computeroutput>sufficient</computeroutput>, and so on).</para>
2457 <para>You should first configure your system to obtain Kerberos v5
2458 tickets as part of the authentication process, and then run an AFS PAM
2459 module to obtain tokens from those tickets after authentication.
2460 Current versions of Solaris come with a Kerberos v5 PAM module that
2461 will work, or you can download and install <ulink
2462 url="http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/software/pam-krb5">Russ Allbery's
2463 Kerberos v5 PAM module</ulink>, which is tested regularly with AFS.
2464 See the instructions of whatever PAM module you use for how to
2465 configure it.</para>
2467 <para>Some Kerberos v5 PAM modules do come with native AFS support
2468 (usually requiring the Heimdal Kerberos implementation rather than the
2469 MIT Kerberos implementation). If you are using one of those PAM
2470 modules, you can configure it to obtain AFS tokens. It's more common,
2471 however, to separate the AFS token acquisition into a separate PAM
2474 <para>The recommended AFS PAM module is <ulink
2475 url="http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/software/pam-afs-session/">Russ
2476 Allbery's pam-afs-session module</ulink>. It should work with any of
2477 the Kerberos v5 PAM modules. To add it to the PAM configuration, you
2478 often only need to add configuration to the session group in
2479 <filename>pam.conf</filename>:</para>
2482 <title>Solaris PAM session example</title>
2483 <literallayout>login session required pam_afs_session.so</literallayout>
2486 <para>This example enables PAM authentication only for console login.
2487 You may want to add a similar line for the ssh service and for any
2488 other login service that you use, including possibly the
2489 <literal>other</literal> service (which serves as a catch-all). You
2490 may also want to add options to the AFS PAM session module
2491 (particularly <literal>retain_after_close</literal>, which is
2492 necessary for some versions of Solaris.</para>
2494 <para>For additional configuration examples and the configuration
2495 options of the AFS PAM module, see its documentation. For more
2496 details on the available options for the PAM configuration, see the
2497 <filename>pam.conf</filename> manual page.</para>
2499 <para>Sites which still require <emphasis
2500 role="bold">kaserver</emphasis> or external Kerberos v4 authentication
2501 should consult <link linkend="KAS016">Enabling kaserver based AFS
2502 Login on Solaris Systems"</link> for details of how to enable AFS
2503 login on Solaris.</para>
2505 <para>Proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ49a">Editing the File Systems
2506 Clean-up Script on Solaris Systems</link></para>
2508 <sect2 id="HDRWQ49a">
2509 <title>Editing the File Systems Clean-up Script on Solaris Systems</title>
2511 <primary>Solaris</primary>
2513 <secondary>file systems clean-up script</secondary>
2515 <tertiary>on file server machine</tertiary>
2519 <primary>file systems clean-up script (Solaris)</primary>
2521 <secondary>file server machine</secondary>
2525 <primary>scripts</primary>
2527 <secondary>file systems clean-up (Solaris)</secondary>
2529 <tertiary>file server machine</tertiary>
2535 <para>Some Solaris distributions include a script that locates and removes unneeded files from various file systems. Its
2536 conventional location is <emphasis role="bold">/usr/lib/fs/nfs/nfsfind</emphasis>. The script generally uses an argument
2537 to the <emphasis role="bold">find</emphasis> command to define which file systems to search. In this step you modify the
2538 command to exclude the <emphasis role="bold">/afs</emphasis> directory. Otherwise, the command traverses the AFS
2539 filespace of every cell that is accessible from the machine, which can take many hours. The following alterations are
2540 possibilities, but you must verify that they are appropriate for your cell.</para>
2542 <para>The first possible alteration is to add the <emphasis role="bold">-local</emphasis> flag to the existing command,
2543 so that it looks like the following:</para>
2546 find $dir -local -name .nfs\* -mtime +7 -mount -exec rm -f {} \;
2549 <para>Another alternative is to exclude any directories whose names begin with the lowercase letter <emphasis
2550 role="bold">a</emphasis> or a non-alphabetic character.</para>
2553 find /[A-Zb-z]* <replaceable>remainder of existing command</replaceable>
2556 <para>Do not use the following command, which still searches under the <emphasis role="bold">/afs</emphasis> directory,
2557 looking for a subdirectory of type <emphasis role="bold">4.2</emphasis>.</para>
2560 find / -fstype 4.2 /* <replaceable>do not use</replaceable> */
2565 <para>Proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ50">Starting the BOS Server</link> (or if referring to these instructions while
2566 installing an additional file server machine, return to <link linkend="HDRWQ108">Starting Server
2567 Programs</link>).</para>
2572 <primary>Basic OverSeer Server</primary>
2574 <see>BOS Server</see>
2578 <primary>BOS Server</primary>
2580 <secondary>starting</secondary>
2582 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
2586 <primary>starting</primary>
2588 <secondary>BOS Server</secondary>
2590 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
2594 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2596 <secondary>BOS Server</secondary>
2600 <primary>authorization checking (disabling)</primary>
2602 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
2606 <primary>disabling authorization checking</primary>
2608 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
2612 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2614 <secondary>authorization checking (disabling)</secondary>
2618 <sect1 id="HDRWQ50">
2619 <title>Starting the BOS Server</title>
2621 <para>You are now ready to start the AFS server processes on this machine.
2622 If you are not working from a packaged distribution, begin by copying the
2623 AFS server binaries from the distribution to the conventional local disk
2624 location, the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/bin</emphasis> directory. The
2625 following instructions also create files in other subdirectories of the
2626 <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs</emphasis> directory.</para>
2628 <para>Then issue the <emphasis role="bold">bosserver</emphasis> command to initialize the Basic OverSeer (BOS) Server, which
2629 monitors and controls other AFS server processes on its server machine. Include the <emphasis role="bold">-noauth</emphasis>
2630 flag to disable authorization checking. Because you have not yet configured your cell's AFS authentication and authorization
2631 mechanisms, the BOS Server cannot perform authorization checking as it does during normal operation. In no-authorization mode,
2632 it does not verify the identity or privilege of the issuer of a <emphasis role="bold">bos</emphasis> command, and so performs
2633 any operation for anyone.</para>
2635 <para>Disabling authorization checking gravely compromises cell security. You must complete all subsequent steps in one
2636 uninterrupted pass and must not leave the machine unattended until you restart the BOS Server with authorization checking
2637 enabled, in <link linkend="HDRWQ72">Verifying the AFS Initialization Script</link>.</para>
2639 <para>As it initializes for the first time, the BOS Server creates the following directories and files, setting the owner to the
2640 local superuser <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis> and the mode bits to limit the ability to write (and in some cases, read)
2641 them. For a description of the contents and function of these directories and files, see the chapter in the <emphasis>OpenAFS
2642 Administration Guide</emphasis> about administering server machines. For further discussion of the mode bit settings, see <link
2643 linkend="HDRWQ96">Protecting Sensitive AFS Directories</link>. <indexterm>
2644 <primary>Binary Distribution</primary>
2646 <secondary>copying server files from</secondary>
2648 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
2649 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2650 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2652 <secondary>subdirectories of /usr/afs</secondary>
2653 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2654 <primary>creating</primary>
2656 <secondary>/usr/afs/bin directory</secondary>
2658 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
2659 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2660 <primary>creating</primary>
2662 <secondary>/usr/afs/etc directory</secondary>
2664 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
2665 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2666 <primary>copying</primary>
2668 <secondary>server files to local disk</secondary>
2670 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
2671 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2672 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2674 <secondary>copying</secondary>
2676 <tertiary>server files to local disk</tertiary>
2677 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2678 <primary>usr/afs/bin directory</primary>
2680 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
2681 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2682 <primary>usr/afs/etc directory</primary>
2684 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
2685 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2686 <primary>usr/afs/db directory</primary>
2687 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2688 <primary>usr/afs/local directory</primary>
2689 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2690 <primary>usr/afs/logs directory</primary>
2691 </indexterm> <itemizedlist>
2693 <para><emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/db</emphasis></para>
2697 <para><emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/etc/CellServDB</emphasis></para>
2701 <para><emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/etc/ThisCell</emphasis></para>
2705 <para><emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/local</emphasis></para>
2709 <para><emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/logs</emphasis></para>
2711 </itemizedlist></para>
2713 <para>The BOS Server also creates symbolic links called <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/ThisCell</emphasis> and <emphasis
2714 role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/CellServDB</emphasis> to the corresponding files in the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/etc</emphasis>
2715 directory. The AFS command interpreters consult the <emphasis role="bold">CellServDB</emphasis> and <emphasis
2716 role="bold">ThisCell</emphasis> files in the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> directory because they generally run
2717 on client machines. On machines that are AFS servers only (as this machine currently is), the files reside only in the <emphasis
2718 role="bold">/usr/afs/etc</emphasis> directory; the links enable the command interpreters to retrieve the information they need.
2719 Later instructions for installing the client functionality replace the links with actual files. <orderedlist>
2721 <para>If you are not working from a packaged distribution, you may need to copy files from the distribution media to the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs</emphasis> directory.
2723 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /tmp/afsdist/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/root.server/usr/afs</emphasis>
2724 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -rp * /usr/afs</emphasis>
2725 </programlisting> <indexterm>
2726 <primary>commands</primary>
2728 <secondary>bosserver</secondary>
2729 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2730 <primary>bosserver command</primary>
2735 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">bosserver</emphasis> command. Include the <emphasis role="bold">-noauth</emphasis>
2736 flag to disable authorization checking. <programlisting>
2737 # <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/bin/bosserver -noauth &</emphasis>
2738 </programlisting></para>
2742 <para>Verify that the BOS Server created <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/ThisCell</emphasis> and <emphasis
2743 role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/CellServDB</emphasis> as symbolic links to the corresponding files in the <emphasis
2744 role="bold">/usr/afs/etc</emphasis> directory. <programlisting>
2745 # <emphasis role="bold">ls -l /usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
2746 </programlisting></para>
2748 <para>If either or both of <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/ThisCell</emphasis> and <emphasis
2749 role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/CellServDB</emphasis> do not exist, or are not links, issue the following commands.</para>
2752 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
2753 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/afs/etc/ThisCell</emphasis>
2754 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /usr/afs/etc/CellServDB</emphasis>
2757 </orderedlist></para>
2760 <primary>cell name</primary>
2762 <secondary>defining during installation of first machine</secondary>
2766 <primary>defining</primary>
2768 <secondary>cell name during installation of first machine</secondary>
2772 <primary>cell name</primary>
2774 <secondary>setting in server ThisCell file</secondary>
2776 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
2780 <primary>setting</primary>
2782 <secondary>cell name in server ThisCell file</secondary>
2784 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
2788 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2790 <secondary>ThisCell file (server)</secondary>
2794 <primary>usr/afs/etc/ThisCell</primary>
2796 <see>ThisCell file (server)</see>
2800 <primary>ThisCell file (server)</primary>
2802 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
2806 <primary>files</primary>
2808 <secondary>ThisCell (server)</secondary>
2812 <primary>database server machine</primary>
2814 <secondary>entry in server CellServDB file</secondary>
2816 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
2820 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2822 <secondary>cell membership, defining</secondary>
2824 <tertiary>for server processes</tertiary>
2828 <primary>usr/afs/etc/CellServDB file</primary>
2830 <see>CellServDB file (server)</see>
2834 <primary>CellServDB file (server)</primary>
2836 <secondary>creating</secondary>
2838 <tertiary>on first AFS machine</tertiary>
2842 <primary>creating</primary>
2844 <secondary>CellServDB file (server)</secondary>
2846 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
2850 <primary>files</primary>
2852 <secondary>CellServDB (server)</secondary>
2856 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2858 <secondary>CellServDB file (server)</secondary>
2862 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
2864 <secondary>defining</secondary>
2866 <tertiary>as database server</tertiary>
2870 <primary>defining</primary>
2872 <secondary>first AFS machine as database server</secondary>
2876 <sect1 id="HDRWQ51">
2877 <title>Defining Cell Name and Membership for Server Processes</title>
2879 <para>Now assign your cell's name. The chapter in the <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration Guide</emphasis> about cell configuration
2880 and administration issues discusses the important considerations, explains why changing the name is difficult, and outlines the
2881 restrictions on name format. Two of the most important restrictions are that the name cannot include uppercase letters or more
2882 than 64 characters.</para>
2884 <para>Use the <emphasis role="bold">bos setcellname</emphasis> command to assign the cell name. It creates two files:
2887 <para><emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/etc/ThisCell</emphasis>, which defines this machine's cell membership</para>
2891 <para><emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/etc/CellServDB</emphasis>, which lists the cell's database server machines; the
2892 machine named on the command line is placed on the list automatically</para>
2894 </itemizedlist> <note>
2895 <para>In the following and every instruction in this guide, for the <replaceable>machine name</replaceable> argument
2896 substitute the fully-qualified hostname (such as <emphasis role="bold">fs1.example.com</emphasis>) of the machine you are
2897 installing. For the <replaceable>cell name</replaceable> argument substitute your cell's complete name (such as <emphasis
2898 role="bold">example.com</emphasis>).</para>
2902 <primary>commands</primary>
2904 <secondary>bos setcellname</secondary>
2908 <primary>bos commands</primary>
2910 <secondary>setcellname</secondary>
2915 <para>If necessary, add the directory containing the <emphasis role="bold">bos</emphasis> command to your path.
2917 # <emphasis role="bold">export PATH=$PATH:/usr/afs/bin</emphasis>
2923 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">bos setcellname</emphasis> command to set the cell name. <programlisting>
2924 # <emphasis role="bold">bos setcellname</emphasis> <<replaceable>machine name</replaceable>> <<replaceable>cell name</replaceable>> <emphasis
2925 role="bold">-noauth</emphasis>
2926 </programlisting></para>
2928 <para>Because you are not authenticated and authorization checking is disabled, the <emphasis role="bold">bos</emphasis>
2929 command interpreter possibly produces error messages about being unable to obtain tickets and running unauthenticated. You
2930 can safely ignore the messages. <indexterm>
2931 <primary>commands</primary>
2933 <secondary>bos listhosts</secondary>
2934 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2935 <primary>bos commands</primary>
2937 <secondary>listhosts</secondary>
2938 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2939 <primary>CellServDB file (server)</primary>
2941 <secondary>displaying entries</secondary>
2942 </indexterm> <indexterm>
2943 <primary>displaying</primary>
2945 <secondary>CellServDB file (server) entries</secondary>
2950 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">bos listhosts</emphasis> command to verify that the machine you are installing is now
2951 registered as the cell's first database server machine. <programlisting>
2952 # <emphasis role="bold">bos listhosts</emphasis> <<replaceable>machine name</replaceable>> <emphasis role="bold">-noauth</emphasis>
2953 Cell name is <replaceable>cell_name</replaceable>
2954 Host 1 is <replaceable>machine_name</replaceable>
2955 </programlisting></para>
2960 <primary>database server machine</primary>
2962 <secondary>installing</secondary>
2964 <tertiary>first</tertiary>
2968 <primary>instructions</primary>
2970 <secondary>database server machine, installing first</secondary>
2974 <primary>installing</primary>
2976 <secondary>database server machine</secondary>
2978 <tertiary>first</tertiary>
2982 <primary>Backup Server</primary>
2984 <secondary>starting</secondary>
2986 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
2990 <primary>buserver process</primary>
2992 <see>Backup Server</see>
2996 <primary>starting</primary>
2998 <secondary>Backup Server</secondary>
3000 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
3004 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
3006 <secondary>Backup Server</secondary>
3010 <primary>Protection Server</primary>
3012 <secondary>starting</secondary>
3014 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
3018 <primary>ptserver process</primary>
3020 <see>Protection Server</see>
3024 <primary>starting</primary>
3026 <secondary>Protection Server</secondary>
3028 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
3032 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
3034 <secondary>Protection Server</secondary>
3038 <primary>VL Server (vlserver process)</primary>
3040 <secondary>starting</secondary>
3042 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
3046 <primary>Volume Location Server</primary>
3048 <see>VL Server</see>
3052 <primary>starting</primary>
3054 <secondary>VL Server</secondary>
3056 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
3060 <primary>first AFS machine</primary>
3062 <secondary>VL Server</secondary>
3066 <primary>usr/afs/local/BosConfig</primary>
3068 <see>BosConfig file</see>
3072 <primary>BosConfig file</primary>
3074 <secondary>adding entries</secondary>
3076 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
3080 <primary>adding</primary>
3082 <secondary>entries to BosConfig file</secondary>
3084 <tertiary>first AFS machine</tertiary>
3088 <primary>files</primary>
3090 <secondary>BosConfig</secondary>
3094 <primary>initializing</primary>
3096 <secondary>server process</secondary>
3102 <primary>server process</primary>
3104 <secondary>see also entry for each server's name</secondary>
3108 <sect1 id="HDRWQ52">
3109 <title>Starting the Database Server Processes</title>
3111 <para>Next use the <emphasis role="bold">bos create</emphasis> command to create entries for the three database server processes
3112 in the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/local/BosConfig</emphasis> file and start them running. The three processes run on database
3113 server machines only: <itemizedlist>
3116 <para>The Backup Server (the <emphasis role="bold">buserver</emphasis> process) maintains the Backup Database</para>
3120 <para>The Protection Server (the <emphasis role="bold">ptserver</emphasis> process) maintains the Protection
3125 <para>The Volume Location (VL) Server (the <emphasis role="bold">vlserver</emphasis> process) maintains the Volume
3126 Location Database (VLDB)</para>
3128 </itemizedlist></para>
3131 <primary>Kerberos</primary>
3135 <para>AFS ships with an additional database server named 'kaserver', which
3136 was historically used to provide authentication services to AFS cells.
3137 kaserver was based on <emphasis>Kerberos v4</emphasis>, as such, it is
3138 not recommended for new cells. This guide assumes you have already
3139 configured a Kerberos v5 realm for your site, and details the procedures
3140 required to use AFS with this realm. If you do wish to use
3141 <emphasis role="bold">kaserver</emphasis>, please see the modifications
3142 to these instructions detailed in
3143 <link linkend="KAS006">Starting the kaserver Database Server Process</link>
3147 <para>The remaining instructions in this chapter include the <emphasis role="bold">-cell</emphasis> argument on all applicable
3148 commands. Provide the cell name you assigned in <link linkend="HDRWQ51">Defining Cell Name and Membership for Server
3149 Processes</link>. If a command appears on multiple lines, it is only for legibility. <indexterm>
3150 <primary>commands</primary>
3152 <secondary>bos create</secondary>
3153 </indexterm> <indexterm>
3154 <primary>bos commands</primary>
3156 <secondary>create</secondary>
3157 </indexterm> <orderedlist>
3159 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">bos create</emphasis> command to start the Backup Server. <programlisting>
3160 # <emphasis role="bold">./bos create</emphasis> <<replaceable>machine name</replaceable>> <emphasis role="bold">buserver simple /usr/afs/bin/buserver</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">-noauth</emphasis>
3161 </programlisting></para>
3165 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">bos create</emphasis> command to start the Protection Server. <programlisting>
3166 # <emphasis role="bold">./bos create</emphasis> <<replaceable>machine name</replaceable>> <emphasis role="bold">ptserver simple /usr/afs/bin/ptserver</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">-noauth</emphasis>
3167 </programlisting></para>
3171 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">bos create</emphasis> command to start the VL Server. <programlisting>
3172 # <emphasis role="bold">./bos create</emphasis> <<replaceable>machine name</replaceable>> <emphasis role="bold">vlserver simple /usr/afs/bin/vlserver</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">-noauth</emphasis>
3173 </programlisting></para>
3175 </orderedlist></para>
3178 <primary>admin account</primary>
3180 <secondary>creating</secondary>
3184 <primary>afs entry in Kerberos Database</primary>
3188 <primary>Kerberos Database</primary>
3192 <primary>creating</primary>
3194 <secondary>afs entry in Kerberos Database</secondary>
3198 <primary>creating</primary>
3200 <secondary>admin account in Kerberos Database</secondary>
3204 <primary>security</primary>
3206 <secondary>initializing cell-wide</secondary>
3210 <primary>cell</primary>
3212 <secondary>initializing security mechanisms</secondary>
3216 <primary>initializing</primary>
3218 <secondary>cell security mechanisms</secondary>
3222 <primary>usr/afs/etc/KeyFile</primary>
3224 <see>KeyFile file</see>
3228 <primary>KeyFile file</primary>
3230 <secondary>first AFS machine</secondary>
3234 <primary>files</primary>
3236 <secondary>KeyFile</secondary>
3240 <primary>key</primary>
3242 <see>server encryption key</see>
3246 <primary>encryption key</primary>
3248 <see>server encryption key</see>
3252 <sect1 id="HDRWQ53">
3253 <title>Initializing Cell Security </title>
3255 <para>If you are working with an existing cell which uses
3256 <emphasis role="bold">kaserver</emphasis> or Kerberos v4 for authentication,
3258 <link linkend="HDRWQ53">Initializing Cell Security with kaserver</link>
3259 for installation instructions which replace this section.</para>
3261 <para>Now initialize the cell's security mechanisms. Begin by creating the following two entires in your site's Kerberos database: <itemizedlist>
3263 <para>A generic administrative account, called <emphasis role="bold">admin</emphasis> by convention. If you choose to
3264 assign a different name, substitute it throughout the remainder of this document.</para>
3266 <para>After you complete the installation of the first machine, you can continue to have all administrators use the
3267 <emphasis role="bold">admin</emphasis> account, or you can create a separate administrative account for each of them. The
3268 latter scheme implies somewhat more overhead, but provides a more informative audit trail for administrative
3273 <para>The entry for AFS server processes, called either
3274 <emphasis role="bold">afs</emphasis> or
3275 <emphasis role="bold">afs/<replaceable>cell</replaceable></emphasis>.
3276 No user logs in under this identity, but it is used to encrypt the
3277 server tickets that granted to AFS clients for presentation to
3278 server processes during mutual authentication. (The
3279 chapter in the <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration Guide</emphasis> about cell configuration and administration describes the
3280 role of server encryption keys in mutual authentication.)</para>
3282 <para>In Step <link linkend="LIWQ58">7</link>, you also place the initial AFS server encryption key into the <emphasis
3283 role="bold">/usr/afs/etc/KeyFile</emphasis> file. The AFS server processes refer to this file to learn the server
3284 encryption key when they need to decrypt server tickets.</para>
3286 </itemizedlist></para>
3288 <para>You also issue several commands that enable the new <emphasis role="bold">admin</emphasis> user to issue privileged
3289 commands in all of the AFS suites.</para>
3291 <para>The following instructions do not configure all of the security mechanisms related to the AFS Backup System. See the
3292 chapter in the <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration Guide</emphasis> about configuring the Backup System.</para>
3294 <para>The examples below assume you are using MIT Kerberos. Please refer
3295 to the documentation for your KDC's administrative interface if you are
3296 using a different vendor</para>
3300 <para>Enter <emphasis role="bold">kadmin</emphasis> interactive mode.
3302 # <emphasis role="bold">kadmin</emphasis>
3303 Authenticating as principal <replaceable>you</replaceable>/admin@<replaceable>YOUR REALM</replaceable> with password
3304 Password for <replaceable>you/admin@REALM</replaceable>: <replaceable>your_password</replaceable>
3305 </programlisting> <indexterm>
3306 <primary>server encryption key</primary>
3308 <secondary>in Kerberos Database</secondary>
3309 </indexterm> <indexterm>
3310 <primary>creating</primary>
3312 <secondary>server encryption key</secondary>
3314 <tertiary>Kerberos Database</tertiary>
3319 <para><anchor id="LIWQ54" />Issue the
3320 <emphasis role="bold">add_principal</emphasis> command to create
3321 Kerberos Database entries called
3322 <emphasis role="bold">admin</emphasis> and
3323 <emphasis role="bold">afs/<<replaceable>cell name</replaceable>></emphasis>.</para>
3325 <para>You should make the <replaceable>admin_passwd</replaceable> as