[openafs.git] / src / vol / namei_ops.c

/*
 * Copyright 2000, International Business Machines Corporation and others.
 * All Rights Reserved.
 * 
 * This software has been released under the terms of the IBM Public
 * License.  For details, see the LICENSE file in the top-level source
 * directory or online at http://www.openafs.org/dl/license10.html
 */

/* I/O operations for the Unix open by name (namei) interface. */

#include <afsconfig.h>
#include <afs/param.h>


#ifdef AFS_NAMEI_ENV
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <afs/assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <lock.h>
#if defined(AFS_SUN5_ENV) || defined(AFS_HPUX_ENV)
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include <afs/afsutil.h>
#include <lwp.h>
#include "nfs.h"
#include <afs/afsint.h>
#include "ihandle.h"
#include "vnode.h"
#include "volume.h"
#include "viceinode.h"
#include "voldefs.h"
#include "partition.h"
#include "fssync.h"
#include <afs/errors.h>

/*@+fcnmacros +macrofcndecl@*/
#ifdef O_LARGEFILE
#ifdef S_SPLINT_S
extern off64_t afs_lseek(int FD, off64_t O, int F);
#endif /*S_SPLINT_S */
#define afs_lseek(FD, O, F)     lseek64(FD, (off64_t)(O), F)
#define afs_stat                stat64
#define afs_fstat               fstat64
#define afs_open                open64
#define afs_fopen               fopen64
#else /* !O_LARGEFILE */
#ifdef S_SPLINT_S
extern off_t afs_lseek(int FD, off_t O, int F);
#endif /*S_SPLINT_S */
#define afs_lseek(FD, O, F)     lseek(FD, (off_t)(O), F)
#define afs_stat                stat
#define afs_fstat               fstat
#define afs_open                open
#define afs_fopen               fopen
#endif /* !O_LARGEFILE */
/*@=fcnmacros =macrofcndecl@*/

/*@printflike@*/ extern void Log(const char *format, ...);

#ifndef LOCK_SH
#define   LOCK_SH   1    /* shared lock */
#define   LOCK_EX   2    /* exclusive lock */
#define   LOCK_NB   4    /* don't block when locking */
#define   LOCK_UN   8    /* unlock */
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_FLOCK
#include <fcntl.h>

/*
 * This function emulates a subset of flock()
 */
int 
emul_flock(int fd, int cmd)
{    struct flock f;

    memset(&f, 0, sizeof (f));

    if (cmd & LOCK_UN)
        f.l_type = F_UNLCK;
    if (cmd & LOCK_SH)
        f.l_type = F_RDLCK;
    if (cmd & LOCK_EX)
        f.l_type = F_WRLCK;

    return fcntl(fd, (cmd & LOCK_NB) ? F_SETLK : F_SETLKW, &f);
}

#define flock(f,c)      emul_flock(f,c)
#endif

int Testing=0;


afs_sfsize_t
namei_iread(IHandle_t * h, afs_foff_t offset, char *buf, afs_fsize_t size)
{
    afs_sfsize_t nBytes;
    FdHandle_t *fdP;

    fdP = IH_OPEN(h);
    if (fdP == NULL)
        return -1;

    if (FDH_SEEK(fdP, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
        FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
        return -1;
    }

    nBytes = FDH_READ(fdP, buf, size);
    FDH_CLOSE(fdP);
    return nBytes;
}

afs_sfsize_t
namei_iwrite(IHandle_t * h, afs_foff_t offset, char *buf, afs_fsize_t size)
{
    afs_sfsize_t nBytes;
    FdHandle_t *fdP;

    fdP = IH_OPEN(h);
    if (fdP == NULL)
        return -1;

    if (FDH_SEEK(fdP, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
        FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
        return -1;
    }
    nBytes = FDH_WRITE(fdP, buf, size);
    FDH_CLOSE(fdP);
    return nBytes;
}



/* Inode number format:
 * low 26 bits - vnode number - all 1's if volume special file.
 * next 3 bits - tag 
 * next 3 bits spare (0's)
 * high 32 bits - uniquifier (regular) or type if spare
 */
#define NAMEI_VNODEMASK    0x003ffffff
#define NAMEI_TAGMASK      0x7
#define NAMEI_TAGSHIFT     26
#define NAMEI_UNIQMASK     0xffffffff
#define NAMEI_UNIQSHIFT    32
#define NAMEI_INODESPECIAL ((Inode)NAMEI_VNODEMASK)
#define NAMEI_VNODESPECIAL NAMEI_VNODEMASK

/* dir1 is the high 8 bits of the 26 bit vnode */
#define VNO_DIR1(vno) ((vno >> 14) & 0xff)
/* dir2 is the next 9 bits */
#define VNO_DIR2(vno) ((vno >> 9) & 0x1ff)
/* "name" is the low 9 bits of the vnode, the 3 bit tag and the uniq */

#define NAMEI_SPECDIR "special"
#define NAMEI_SPECDIRLEN (sizeof(NAMEI_SPECDIR)-1)

#define NAMEI_MAXVOLS 5         /* Maximum supported number of volumes per volume
                                 * group, not counting temporary (move) volumes.
                                 * This is the number of separate files, all having
                                 * the same vnode number, which can occur in a volume
                                 * group at once.
                                 */


typedef struct {
    int ogm_owner;
    int ogm_group;
    int ogm_mode;
} namei_ogm_t;

static int namei_GetLinkCount2(FdHandle_t * h, Inode ino, int lockit, int fixup, int nowrite);

static int GetFreeTag(IHandle_t * ih, int vno);

/* namei_HandleToInodeDir
 *
 * Construct the path name of the directory holding the inode data.
 * Format: /<vicepx>/INODEDIR
 *
 */
#define PNAME_BLEN 64
static void
namei_HandleToInodeDir(namei_t * name, IHandle_t * ih)
{
    size_t offset;

    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(*name));

    /*
     * Add the /vicepXX string to the start of name->n_base and then calculate
     * offset as the number of bytes we know we added.
     *
     * FIXME: This embeds knowledge of the vice partition naming scheme and
     * mapping from device numbers.  There needs to be an API that tells us
     * this offset.
     */
    volutil_PartitionName_r(ih->ih_dev, name->n_base, sizeof(name->n_base));
    offset = VICE_PREFIX_SIZE + (ih->ih_dev > 25 ? 2 : 1);
    name->n_base[offset] = '/';
    offset++;
    strlcpy(name->n_base + offset, INODEDIR, sizeof(name->n_base) - offset);
    strlcpy(name->n_path, name->n_base, sizeof(name->n_path));
}

#define addtoname(N, C)                                 \
do {                                                    \
    strlcat((N)->n_path, "/", sizeof((N)->n_path));     \
    strlcat((N)->n_path, (C), sizeof((N)->n_path));     \
} while(0)


static void
namei_HandleToVolDir(namei_t * name, IHandle_t * ih)
{
    lb64_string_t tmp;

    namei_HandleToInodeDir(name, ih);
    (void)int32_to_flipbase64(tmp, (int64_t) (ih->ih_vid & 0xff));
    strlcpy(name->n_voldir1, tmp, sizeof(name->n_voldir1));
    addtoname(name, name->n_voldir1);
    (void)int32_to_flipbase64(tmp, (int64_t) ih->ih_vid);
    strlcpy(name->n_voldir2, tmp, sizeof(name->n_voldir2));
    addtoname(name, name->n_voldir2);
}

/* namei_HandleToName
 *
 * Constructs a file name for the fully qualified handle.
 * Note that special files end up in /vicepX/InodeDir/Vxx/V*.data/special
 */
void
namei_HandleToName(namei_t * name, IHandle_t * ih)
{
    lb64_string_t str;
    int vno = (int)(ih->ih_ino & NAMEI_VNODEMASK);

    namei_HandleToVolDir(name, ih);

    if (vno == NAMEI_VNODESPECIAL) {
        strlcpy(name->n_dir1, NAMEI_SPECDIR, sizeof(name->n_dir1));
        addtoname(name, name->n_dir1);
        name->n_dir2[0] = '\0';
    } else {
        (void)int32_to_flipbase64(str, VNO_DIR1(vno));
        strlcpy(name->n_dir1, str, sizeof(name->n_dir1));
        addtoname(name, name->n_dir1);
        (void)int32_to_flipbase64(str, VNO_DIR2(vno));
        strlcpy(name->n_dir2, str, sizeof(name->n_dir2));
        addtoname(name, name->n_dir2);
    }
    (void)int64_to_flipbase64(str, (int64_t) ih->ih_ino);
    strlcpy(name->n_inode, str, sizeof(name->n_inode));
    addtoname(name, name->n_inode);
}

/* The following is a warning to tell sys-admins to not muck about in this
 * name space.
 */
#define VICE_README "These files and directories are a part of the AFS \
namespace. Modifying them\nin any way will result in loss of AFS data,\n\
ownership and permissions included.\n"
int
namei_ViceREADME(char *partition)
{
    char filename[32];
    int fd;

    /* Create the inode directory if we're starting for the first time */
    (void)afs_snprintf(filename, sizeof filename, "%s/%s", partition,
                       INODEDIR);
    mkdir(filename, 0700);

    (void)afs_snprintf(filename, sizeof filename, "%s/%s/README", partition,
                       INODEDIR);
    fd = afs_open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0444);
    if (fd >= 0) {
        (void)write(fd, VICE_README, strlen(VICE_README));
        close(fd);
    }
    return (errno);
}


#define create_dir() \
do { \
    if (mkdir(tmp, 0700)<0) { \
        if (errno != EEXIST) \
            return -1; \
    } \
    else { \
        *created = 1; \
    } \
} while (0)

#define create_nextdir(A) \
do { \
         strcat(tmp, "/"); strcat(tmp, A); create_dir();  \
} while(0)

/* namei_CreateDataDirectories
 *
 * If creating the file failed because of ENOENT or ENOTDIR, try
 * creating all the directories first.
 */
static int
namei_CreateDataDirectories(namei_t * name, int *created)
{
    char tmp[256];

    *created = 0;

    strlcpy(tmp, name->n_base, sizeof(tmp));
    create_dir();

    create_nextdir(name->n_voldir1);
    create_nextdir(name->n_voldir2);
    create_nextdir(name->n_dir1);
    if (name->n_dir2[0]) {
        create_nextdir(name->n_dir2);
    }
    return 0;
}

/* delTree(): Deletes an entire tree of directories (no files)
 * Input:
 *   root : Full path to the subtree. Should be big enough for PATH_MAX
 *   tree : the subtree to be deleted is rooted here. Specifies only the
 *          subtree beginning at tree (not the entire path). It should be
 *          a pointer into the "root" buffer.
 * Output:
 *  errp : errno of the first error encountered during the directory cleanup.
 *         *errp should have been initialized to 0.
 * 
 * Return Values:
 *  -1  : If errors were encountered during cleanup and error is set to 
 *        the first errno.
 *   0  : Success.
 *
 * If there are errors, we try to work around them and delete as many
 * directories as possible. We don't attempt to remove directories that still
 * have non-dir entries in them.
 */
static int
delTree(char *root, char *tree, int *errp)
{
    char *cp;
    DIR *ds;
    struct dirent *dirp;
    struct afs_stat st;

    if (*tree) {
        /* delete the children first */
        cp = strchr(tree, '/');
        if (cp) {
            delTree(root, cp + 1, errp);
            *cp = '\0';
        } else
            cp = tree + strlen(tree);   /* move cp to the end of string tree */

        /* now delete all entries in this dir */
        if ((ds = opendir(root)) != (DIR *) NULL) {
            errno = 0;
            while ((dirp = readdir(ds))) {
                /* ignore . and .. */
                if (!strcmp(dirp->d_name, ".") || !strcmp(dirp->d_name, ".."))
                    continue;
                /* since root is big enough, we reuse the space to
                 * concatenate the dirname to the current tree 
                 */
                strcat(root, "/");
                strcat(root, dirp->d_name);
                if (afs_stat(root, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
                    /* delete this subtree */
                    delTree(root, cp + 1, errp);
                } else
                    *errp = *errp ? *errp : errno;

                /* recover path to our cur tree by truncating it to 
                 * its original len 
                 */
                *cp = 0;
            }
            /* if (!errno) -- closedir not implicit if we got an error */
            closedir(ds);
        }

        /* finally axe the current dir */
        if (rmdir(root))
            *errp = *errp ? *errp : errno;

#ifndef AFS_PTHREAD_ENV         /* let rx get some work done */
        IOMGR_Poll();
#endif /* !AFS_PTHREAD_ENV */

    }

    /* if valid tree */
    /* if we encountered errors during cleanup, we return a -1 */
    if (*errp)
        return -1;

    return 0;

}

/* namei_RemoveDataDirectories
 * Return Values:
 * Returns 0 on success.
 * Returns -1 on error. Typically, callers ignore this error bcause we
 * can continue running if the removes fail. The salvage process will
 * finish tidying up for us. We only use the n_base and n_voldir1 entries
 * and only do rmdir's.
 */

static int
namei_RemoveDataDirectories(namei_t * name)
{
    char pbuf[MAXPATHLEN], *path = pbuf;
    int prefixlen = strlen(name->n_base), err = 0;

    strlcpy(path, name->n_path, sizeof(pbuf));

    /* move past the prefix */
    path = path + prefixlen + 1;        /* skip over the trailing / */

    /* now delete all dirs upto path */
    return delTree(pbuf, path, &err);

}

/* Create the file in the name space.
 *
 * Parameters stored as follows:
 * Regular files:
 * p1 - volid - implied in containing directory.
 * p2 - vnode - name is <vno:31-23>/<vno:22-15>/<vno:15-0><uniq:31-5><tag:2-0>
 * p3 - uniq -- bits 4-0 are in mode bits 4-0
 * p4 - dv ---- dv:15-0 in uid, dv:29-16 in gid, dv:31-30 in mode:6-5
 * Special files:
 * p1 - volid - creation time - dwHighDateTime
 * p2 - vnode - -1 means special, file goes in "S" subdirectory.
 * p3 - type -- name is <type>.<tag> where tag is a file name unqiquifier.
 * p4 - parid - parent volume id - implied in containing directory.
 *
 * Return value is the inode number or (Inode)-1 if error.
 * We "know" there is only one link table, so return EEXIST if there already
 * is a link table. It's up to the calling code to test errno and increment
 * the link count.
 */

/* namei_MakeSpecIno
 *
 * This function is called by VCreateVolume to hide the implementation
 * details of the inode numbers. This only allows for 7 volume special
 * types, but if we get that far, this could should be dead by then.
 */
Inode
namei_MakeSpecIno(int volid, int type)
{
    Inode ino;
    ino = NAMEI_INODESPECIAL;
    type &= NAMEI_TAGMASK;
    ino |= ((Inode) type) << NAMEI_TAGSHIFT;
    ino |= ((Inode) volid) << NAMEI_UNIQSHIFT;
    return ino;
}

/* SetOGM - set owner group and mode bits from parm and tag
 *
 * owner - low 15 bits of parm.
 * group - next 15 bits of parm.
 * mode - 2 bits of parm, then lowest = 3 bits of tag.
 */
static int
SetOGM(int fd, int parm, int tag)
{
    int owner, group, mode;

    owner = parm & 0x7fff;
    group = (parm >> 15) & 0x7fff;
    if (fchown(fd, owner, group) < 0)
        return -1;

    mode = (parm >> 27) & 0x18;
    mode |= tag & 0x7;
    if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
        return -1;

    return 0;

}

/* GetOGM - get parm and tag from owner, group and mode bits. */
static void
GetOGMFromStat(struct afs_stat *status, int *parm, int *tag)
{
    *parm = status->st_uid | (status->st_gid << 15);
    *parm |= (status->st_mode & 0x18) << 27;
    *tag = status->st_mode & 0x7;
}

static int
GetOGM(int fd, int *parm, int *tag)
{
    struct afs_stat status;
    if (afs_fstat(fd, &status) < 0)
        return -1;

    GetOGMFromStat(&status, parm, tag);
    return 0;
}

int big_vno = 0;                /* Just in case we ever do 64 bit vnodes. */

/* Derive the name and create it O_EXCL. If that fails we have an error.
 * Get the tag from a free column in the link table.
 */
Inode
namei_icreate(IHandle_t * lh, char *part, int p1, int p2, int p3, int p4)
{
    namei_t name;
    int fd = -1;
    int code = 0;
    int created_dir = 0;
    IHandle_t tmp;
    FdHandle_t *fdP;
    FdHandle_t tfd;
    int tag;
    int ogm_parm;


    memset((void *)&tmp, 0, sizeof(IHandle_t));


    tmp.ih_dev = volutil_GetPartitionID(part);
    if (tmp.ih_dev == -1) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
    }

    if (p2 == -1) {
        /* Parameters for special file:
         * p1 - volume id - goes into owner/group/mode
         * p2 - vnode == -1
         * p3 - type
         * p4 - parent volume id
         */
        ogm_parm = p1;
        tag = p3;

        tmp.ih_vid = p4;        /* Use parent volume id, where this file will be. */
        tmp.ih_ino = namei_MakeSpecIno(p1, p3);
    } else {
        int vno = p2 & NAMEI_VNODEMASK;
        /* Parameters for regular file:
         * p1 - volume id
         * p2 - vnode
         * p3 - uniq
         * p4 - dv
         */

        if (vno != p2) {
            big_vno++;
            errno = EINVAL;
            return -1;
        }
        /* If GetFreeTag succeeds, it atomically sets link count to 1. */
        tag = GetFreeTag(lh, p2);
        if (tag < 0)
            goto bad;

        /* name is <uniq(p3)><tag><vno(p2)> */
        tmp.ih_vid = p1;
        tmp.ih_ino = (Inode) p2;
        tmp.ih_ino |= ((Inode) tag) << NAMEI_TAGSHIFT;
        tmp.ih_ino |= ((Inode) p3) << NAMEI_UNIQSHIFT;

        ogm_parm = p4;
    }

    namei_HandleToName(&name, &tmp);
    fd = afs_open(name.n_path, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_TRUNC | O_RDWR, 0);
    if (fd < 0) {
        if (errno == ENOTDIR || errno == ENOENT) {
            if (namei_CreateDataDirectories(&name, &created_dir) < 0)
                goto bad;
            fd = afs_open(name.n_path, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_TRUNC | O_RDWR,
                          0);
            if (fd < 0)
                goto bad;
        } else {
            goto bad;
        }
    }
    if (SetOGM(fd, ogm_parm, tag) < 0) {
        close(fd);
        fd = -1;
        goto bad;
    }

    if (p2 == -1 && p3 == VI_LINKTABLE) {
        /* hack at tmp to setup for set link count call. */
        memset((void *)&tfd, 0, sizeof(FdHandle_t));    /* minimalistic still, but a little cleaner */
        tfd.fd_ih = &tmp;
        tfd.fd_fd = fd;
        code = namei_SetLinkCount(&tfd, (Inode) 0, 1, 0);
    }

  bad:
    if (fd >= 0)
        close(fd);


    if (code || (fd < 0)) {
        if (p2 != -1) {
            fdP = IH_OPEN(lh);
            if (fdP) {
                namei_SetLinkCount(fdP, tmp.ih_ino, 0, 0);
                FDH_CLOSE(fdP);
            }
        }
    }
    return (code || (fd < 0)) ? (Inode) - 1 : tmp.ih_ino;
}


/* namei_iopen */
int
namei_iopen(IHandle_t * h)
{
    int fd;
    namei_t name;

    /* Convert handle to file name. */
    namei_HandleToName(&name, h);
    fd = afs_open(name.n_path, O_RDWR, 0666);
    return fd;
}

/* Need to detect vol special file and just unlink. In those cases, the
 * handle passed in _is_ for the inode. We only check p1 for the special
 * files.
 */
int
namei_dec(IHandle_t * ih, Inode ino, int p1)
{
    int count = 0;
    namei_t name;
    int code = 0;
    FdHandle_t *fdP;

    if ((ino & NAMEI_INODESPECIAL) == NAMEI_INODESPECIAL) {
        IHandle_t *tmp;
        int inode_p1, tag;
        int type = (int)((ino >> NAMEI_TAGSHIFT) & NAMEI_TAGMASK);

        /* Verify this is the right file. */
        IH_INIT(tmp, ih->ih_dev, ih->ih_vid, ino);

        fdP = IH_OPEN(tmp);
        if (fdP == NULL) {
            IH_RELEASE(tmp);
            errno = EINVAL;
            return -1;
        }

        if ((GetOGM(fdP->fd_fd, &inode_p1, &tag) < 0) || (inode_p1 != p1)) {
            FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
            IH_RELEASE(tmp);
            errno = EINVAL;
            return -1;
        }

        /* If it's the link table itself, decrement the link count. */
        if (type == VI_LINKTABLE) {
            if ((count = namei_GetLinkCount(fdP, (Inode) 0, 1)) < 0) {
                FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
                IH_RELEASE(tmp);
                return -1;
            }

            count--;
            if (namei_SetLinkCount(fdP, (Inode) 0, count < 0 ? 0 : count, 1) <
                0) {
                FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
                IH_RELEASE(tmp);
                return -1;
            }

            if (count > 0) {
                FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
                IH_RELEASE(tmp);
                return 0;
            }
        }

        namei_HandleToName(&name, tmp);
        if ((code = unlink(name.n_path)) == 0) {
            if (type == VI_LINKTABLE) {
                /* Try to remove directory. If it fails, that's ok.
                 * Salvage will clean up.
                 */
                (void)namei_RemoveDataDirectories(&name);
            }
        }
        FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
        IH_RELEASE(tmp);
    } else {
        /* Get a file descriptor handle for this Inode */
        fdP = IH_OPEN(ih);
        if (fdP == NULL) {
            return -1;
        }

        if ((count = namei_GetLinkCount(fdP, ino, 1)) < 0) {
            FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
            return -1;
        }

        count--;
        if (count >= 0) {
            if (namei_SetLinkCount(fdP, ino, count, 1) < 0) {
                FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
                return -1;
            }
        } else {
            IHandle_t *th;
            IH_INIT(th, ih->ih_dev, ih->ih_vid, ino);
            Log("Warning: Lost ref on ihandle dev %d vid %d ino %" AFS_INT64_FMT "\n",
                th->ih_dev, th->ih_vid, (int64_t) th->ih_ino);
            IH_RELEASE(th);
          
            /* If we're less than 0, someone presumably unlinked;
               don't bother setting count to 0, but we need to drop a lock */
            if (namei_SetLinkCount(fdP, ino, 0, 1) < 0) {
                FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
                return -1;
            }
        }
        if (count == 0) {
            IHandle_t *th;
            IH_INIT(th, ih->ih_dev, ih->ih_vid, ino);

            namei_HandleToName(&name, th);
            IH_RELEASE(th);
            code = unlink(name.n_path);
        }
        FDH_CLOSE(fdP);
    }

    return code;
}

int
namei_inc(IHandle_t * h, Inode ino, int p1)
{
    int count;
    int code = 0;
    FdHandle_t *fdP;

    if ((ino & NAMEI_INODESPECIAL) == NAMEI_INODESPECIAL) {
        int type = (int)((ino >> NAMEI_TAGSHIFT) & NAMEI_TAGMASK);
        if (type != VI_LINKTABLE)
            return 0;
        ino = (Inode) 0;
    }

    /* Get a file descriptor handle for this Inode */
    fdP = IH_OPEN(h);
    if (fdP == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }

    if ((count = namei_GetLinkCount(fdP, ino, 1)) < 0)
        code = -1;
    else {
        count++;
        if (count > 7) {
            errno = EINVAL;
            code = -1;
            count = 7;
        }
        if (namei_SetLinkCount(fdP, ino, count, 1) < 0)
            code = -1;
    }
    if (code) {
        FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
    } else {
        FDH_CLOSE(fdP);
    }
    return code;
}

int
namei_replace_file_by_hardlink(IHandle_t *hLink, IHandle_t *hTarget)
{
    afs_int32 code;
    namei_t nameLink;
    namei_t nameTarget;
    
    /* Convert handle to file name. */
    namei_HandleToName(&nameLink, hLink);
    namei_HandleToName(&nameTarget, hTarget);
    
    unlink(nameLink.n_path);
    code = link(nameTarget.n_path, nameLink.n_path);
    return code;
}

int
namei_copy_on_write(IHandle_t *h)
{
    afs_int32 fd, code = 0;
    namei_t name;
    FdHandle_t *fdP;
    struct afs_stat tstat;
    
    namei_HandleToName(&name, h);
    if (afs_stat(name.n_path, &tstat) < 0) 
        return EIO;
    if (tstat.st_nlink > 1) {                   /* do a copy on write */
        char path[259];
        char *buf;
        afs_size_t size;
        afs_int32 tlen;
        
        fdP = IH_OPEN(h);
        if (!fdP)
            return EIO;
        afs_snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s-tmp", name.n_path);
        fd = afs_open(path, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_TRUNC | O_RDWR, 0);
        if (fd < 0) {
            FDH_CLOSE(fdP);
            return EIO;
        }
        buf = malloc(8192);
        if (!buf) {
            close(fd);
            unlink(path);
            FDH_CLOSE(fdP);
            return ENOMEM;
        }
        size = tstat.st_size;
        FDH_SEEK(fdP, 0, 0);
        while (size) {
            tlen = size > 8192 ? 8192 : size;
            if (FDH_READ(fdP, buf, tlen) != tlen) 
                break;
            if (write(fd, buf, tlen) != tlen) 
                break;
            size -= tlen;
        }
        close(fd);
        FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
        free(buf);
        if (size)
            code = EIO;
        else {
            unlink(name.n_path);
            code = rename(path, name.n_path);
        }
    }
    return code;
}

/************************************************************************
 * File Name Structure
 ************************************************************************
 *
 * Each AFS file needs a unique name and it needs to be findable with
 * minimal lookup time. Note that the constraint on the number of files and
 * directories in a volume is the size of the vnode index files and the
 * max file size AFS supports (for internal files) of 2^31. Since a record
 * in the small vnode index file is 64 bytes long, we can have at most
 * (2^31)/64 or 33554432 files. A record in the large index file is
 * 256 bytes long, giving a maximum of (2^31)/256 = 8388608 directories.
 * Another layout parameter is that there is roughly a 16 to 1 ratio between
 * the number of files and the number of directories.
 *
 * Using this information we can see that a layout of 256 directories, each
 * with 512 subdirectories and each of those having 512 files gives us
 * 256*512*512 = 67108864 AFS files and directories. 
 *
 * The volume, vnode, uniquifier and data version, as well as the tag
 * are required, either for finding the file or for salvaging. It's best to 
 * restrict the name to something that can be mapped into 64 bits so the
 * "Inode" is easily comparable (using "==") to other "Inodes". The tag
 * is used to distinguish between different versions of the same file
 * which are currently in the RW and clones of a volume. See "Link Table
 * Organization" below for more information on the tag. The tag is 
 * required in the name of the file to ensure a unique name. 
 *
 * We can store data in the uid, gid and mode bits of the files, provided
 * the directories have root only access. This gives us 15 bits for each
 * of uid and gid (GNU chown considers 65535 to mean "don't change").
 * There are 9 available mode bits. Adn we need to store a total of 
 * 32 (volume id) + 26 (vnode) + 32 (uniquifier) + 32 (data-version) + 3 (tag)
 * or 131 bits somewhere. 
 *
 * The format of a file name for a regular file is:
 * /vicepX/AFSIDat/V1/V2/AA/BB/<tag><uniq><vno>
 * V1 - low 8 bits of RW volume id
 * V2 - all bits of RW volume id
 * AA - high 8 bits of vnode number.
 * BB - next 9 bits of vnode number.
 * <tag><uniq><vno> - file name
 *
 * Volume special files are stored in a separate directory:
 * /vicepX/AFSIDat/V1/V2/special/<tag><uniq><vno>
 *
 *
 * The vnode is hashed into the directory using the high bits of the
 * vnode number. This is so that consecutively created vnodes are in
 * roughly the same area on the disk. This will at least be optimal if
 * the user is creating many files in the same AFS directory. The name
 * should be formed so that the leading characters are different as quickly
 * as possible, leading to faster discards of incorrect matches in the
 * lookup code.
 * 
 */


/************************************************************************
 *  Link Table Organization
 ************************************************************************
 *
 * The link table volume special file is used to hold the link counts that
 * are held in the inodes in inode based AFS vice filesystems. For user
 * space access, the link counts are being kept in a separate
 * volume special file. The file begins with the usual version stamp
 * information and is then followed by one row per vnode number. vnode 0
 * is used to hold the link count of the link table itself. That is because
 * the same link table is shared among all the volumes of the volume group
 * and is deleted only when the last volume of a volume group is deleted.
 *
 * Within each row, the columns are 3 bits wide. They can each hold a 0 based
 * link count from 0 through 7. Each colume represents a unique instance of
 * that vnode. Say we have a file shared between the RW and a RO and a
 * different version of the file (or a different uniquifer) for the BU volume.
 * Then one column would be holding the link count of 2 for the RW and RO
 * and a different column would hold the link count of 1 for the BU volume.
 * Note that we allow only 5 volumes per file, giving 15 bits used in the
 * short.
 */
#define LINKTABLE_WIDTH 2
#define LINKTABLE_SHIFT 1       /* log 2 = 1 */

static void
namei_GetLCOffsetAndIndexFromIno(Inode ino, afs_foff_t * offset, int *index)
{
    int toff = (int)(ino & NAMEI_VNODEMASK);
    int tindex = (int)((ino >> NAMEI_TAGSHIFT) & NAMEI_TAGMASK);

    *offset = (afs_foff_t) ((toff << LINKTABLE_SHIFT) + 8);     /* * 2 + sizeof stamp */
    *index = (tindex << 1) + tindex;
}


/* namei_GetLinkCount
 * If lockit is set, lock the file and leave it locked upon a successful
 * return.
 */
static int
namei_GetLinkCount2(FdHandle_t * h, Inode ino, int lockit, int fixup, int nowrite)
{
    unsigned short row = 0;
    afs_foff_t offset;
    ssize_t rc;
    int index;

    /* there's no linktable yet. the salvager will create one later */
    if (h->fd_fd == -1 && fixup)
       return 1;
    namei_GetLCOffsetAndIndexFromIno(ino, &offset, &index);

    if (lockit) {
        if (flock(h->fd_fd, LOCK_EX) < 0)
            return -1;
    }

    if (afs_lseek(h->fd_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1)
        goto bad_getLinkByte;

    rc = read(h->fd_fd, (char *)&row, sizeof(row));
    if ((rc == 0 || !((row >> index) & NAMEI_TAGMASK)) && fixup && nowrite)
        return 1;
    if (rc == 0 && fixup) {
        struct stat st;
        if (fstat(h->fd_fd, &st) || st.st_size >= offset+sizeof(row))
           goto bad_getLinkByte;
        FDH_TRUNC(h, offset+sizeof(row));
        row = 1 << index;
        rc = write(h->fd_fd, (char *)&row, sizeof(row));
    }
    if (rc != sizeof(row)) {
        goto bad_getLinkByte;
    }

    if (fixup && !((row >> index) & NAMEI_TAGMASK)) {
        row |= 1<<index;
        if (afs_lseek(h->fd_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1)
            goto bad_getLinkByte;
        rc = write(h->fd_fd, (char *)&row, sizeof(row));
        if (rc != sizeof(row))
            goto bad_getLinkByte;
    }
 
    return (int)((row >> index) & NAMEI_TAGMASK);

  bad_getLinkByte:
    if (lockit)
        flock(h->fd_fd, LOCK_UN);
    return -1;
}

int
namei_GetLinkCount(FdHandle_t * h, Inode ino, int lockit) 
{
    return namei_GetLinkCount2(h, ino, lockit, 0, 1);
}

/* Return a free column index for this vnode. */
static int
GetFreeTag(IHandle_t * ih, int vno)
{
    FdHandle_t *fdP;
    afs_foff_t offset;
    int col;
    int coldata;
    short row;
    int code;


    fdP = IH_OPEN(ih);
    if (fdP == NULL)
        return -1;

    /* Only one manipulates at a time. */
    if (flock(fdP->fd_fd, LOCK_EX) < 0) {
        FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
        return -1;
    }

    offset = (vno << LINKTABLE_SHIFT) + 8;      /* * 2 + sizeof stamp */
    if (afs_lseek(fdP->fd_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
        goto badGetFreeTag;
    }

    code = read(fdP->fd_fd, (char *)&row, sizeof(row));
    if (code != sizeof(row)) {
        if (code != 0)
            goto badGetFreeTag;
        row = 0;
    }

    /* Now find a free column in this row and claim it. */
    for (col = 0; col < NAMEI_MAXVOLS; col++) {
        coldata = 7 << (col * 3);
        if ((row & coldata) == 0)
            break;
    }
    if (col >= NAMEI_MAXVOLS) {
        errno = ENOSPC;
        goto badGetFreeTag;
    }

    coldata = 1 << (col * 3);
    row |= coldata;

    if (afs_lseek(fdP->fd_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
        goto badGetFreeTag;
    }
    if (write(fdP->fd_fd, (char *)&row, sizeof(row)) != sizeof(row)) {
        goto badGetFreeTag;
    }
    FDH_SYNC(fdP);
    flock(fdP->fd_fd, LOCK_UN);
    FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
    return col;;

  badGetFreeTag:
    flock(fdP->fd_fd, LOCK_UN);
    FDH_REALLYCLOSE(fdP);
    return -1;
}



/* namei_SetLinkCount
 * If locked is set, assume file is locked. Otherwise, lock file before
 * proceeding to modify it.
 */
int
namei_SetLinkCount(FdHandle_t * fdP, Inode ino, int count, int locked)
{
    afs_foff_t offset;
    int index;
    unsigned short row;
    int junk;
    int code = -1;

    namei_GetLCOffsetAndIndexFromIno(ino, &offset, &index);

    if (!locked) {
        if (flock(fdP->fd_fd, LOCK_EX) < 0) {
            return -1;
        }
    }
    if (afs_lseek(fdP->fd_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
        errno = EBADF;
        goto bad_SetLinkCount;
    }


    code = read(fdP->fd_fd, (char *)&row, sizeof(row));
    if (code != sizeof(row)) {
        if (code != 0) {
            errno = EBADF;
            goto bad_SetLinkCount;
        }
        row = 0;
    }

    junk = 7 << index;
    count <<= index;
    row &= (unsigned short)~junk;
    row |= (unsigned short)count;

    if (afs_lseek(fdP->fd_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
        errno = EBADF;
        goto bad_SetLinkCount;
    }

    if (write(fdP->fd_fd, (char *)&row, sizeof(short)) != sizeof(short)) {
        errno = EBADF;
        goto bad_SetLinkCount;
    }
    FDH_SYNC(fdP);

    code = 0;


  bad_SetLinkCount:
    flock(fdP->fd_fd, LOCK_UN);

    return code;
}


/* ListViceInodes - write inode data to a results file. */
static int DecodeInode(char *dpath, char *name, struct ViceInodeInfo *info,
                       int volid);
static int DecodeVolumeName(char *name, int *vid);
static int namei_ListAFSSubDirs(IHandle_t * dirIH,
                                int (*write_fun) (FILE *,
                                                  struct ViceInodeInfo *,
                                                  char *, char *), FILE * fp,
                                int (*judgeFun) (struct ViceInodeInfo *,
                                                 afs_uint32 vid, void *),
                                afs_uint32 singleVolumeNumber, void *rock);


/* WriteInodeInfo
 *
 * Write the inode data to the results file. 
 *
 * Returns -2 on error, 0 on success.
 *
 * This is written as a callback simply so that other listing routines
 * can use the same inode reading code.
 */
static int
WriteInodeInfo(FILE * fp, struct ViceInodeInfo *info, char *dir, char *name)
{
    int n;
    n = fwrite(info, sizeof(*info), 1, fp);
    return (n == 1) ? 0 : -2;
}


int mode_errors;                /* Number of errors found in mode bits on directories. */
void
VerifyDirPerms(char *path)
{
    struct afs_stat status;

    if (afs_stat(path, &status) < 0) {
        Log("Unable to stat %s. Please manually verify mode bits for this"
            " directory\n", path);
    } else {
        if (((status.st_mode & 0777) != 0700) || (status.st_uid != 0))
            mode_errors++;
    }
}

/* ListViceInodes
 * Fill the results file with the requested inode information.
 *
 * Return values:
 *  0 - success
 * -1 - complete failure, salvage should terminate.
 * -2 - not enough space on partition, salvager has error message for this.
 *
 * This code optimizes single volume salvages by just looking at that one
 * volume's directory. 
 *
 * If the resultFile is NULL, then don't call the write routine.
 */
int
ListViceInodes(char *devname, char *mountedOn, char *resultFile,
               int (*judgeInode) (struct ViceInodeInfo * info, afs_uint32 vid, void *rock),
               afs_uint32 singleVolumeNumber, int *forcep, int forceR, char *wpath, 
               void *rock)
{
    FILE *fp = (FILE *) - 1;
    int ninodes;
    struct afs_stat status;

    *forcep = 0; /* no need to salvage until further notice */

    if (resultFile) {
        fp = afs_fopen(resultFile, "w");
        if (!fp) {
            Log("Unable to create inode description file %s\n", resultFile);
            return -1;
        }
    }

    /* Verify protections on directories. */
    mode_errors = 0;
    VerifyDirPerms(mountedOn);

    ninodes =
        namei_ListAFSFiles(mountedOn, WriteInodeInfo, fp, judgeInode,
                           singleVolumeNumber, rock);

    if (!resultFile)
        return ninodes;

    if (ninodes < 0) {
        fclose(fp);
        return ninodes;
    }

    if (fflush(fp) == EOF) {
        Log("Unable to successfully flush inode file for %s\n", mountedOn);
        fclose(fp);
        return -2;
    }
    if (fsync(fileno(fp)) == -1) {
        Log("Unable to successfully fsync inode file for %s\n", mountedOn);
        fclose(fp);
        return -2;
    }
    if (fclose(fp) == EOF) {
        Log("Unable to successfully close inode file for %s\n", mountedOn);
        return -2;
    }

    /*
     * Paranoia:  check that the file is really the right size
     */
    if (afs_stat(resultFile, &status) == -1) {
        Log("Unable to successfully stat inode file for %s\n", mountedOn);
        return -2;
    }
    if (status.st_size != ninodes * sizeof(struct ViceInodeInfo)) {
        Log("Wrong size (%d instead of %d) in inode file for %s\n",
            status.st_size, ninodes * sizeof(struct ViceInodeInfo),
            mountedOn);
        return -2;
    }
    return 0;
}


/* namei_ListAFSFiles
 *
 * Collect all the matching AFS files on the drive.
 * If singleVolumeNumber is non-zero, just return files for that volume.
 *
 * Returns <0 on error, else number of files found to match.
 */
int
namei_ListAFSFiles(char *dev,
                   int (*writeFun) (FILE *, struct ViceInodeInfo *, char *,
                                    char *), FILE * fp,
                   int (*judgeFun) (struct ViceInodeInfo *, afs_uint32, void *),
                   afs_uint32 singleVolumeNumber, void *rock)
{
    IHandle_t ih;
    namei_t name;
    int ninodes = 0;
    DIR *dirp1, *dirp2;
    struct dirent *dp1, *dp2;
    char path2[512];
#ifdef DELETE_ZLC
    static void FreeZLCList(void);
#endif

    memset((void *)&ih, 0, sizeof(IHandle_t));
    ih.ih_dev = volutil_GetPartitionID(dev);

    if (singleVolumeNumber) {
        ih.ih_vid = singleVolumeNumber;
        namei_HandleToVolDir(&name, &ih);
        ninodes =
            namei_ListAFSSubDirs(&ih, writeFun, fp, judgeFun,
                                 singleVolumeNumber, rock);
        if (ninodes < 0)
            return ninodes;
    } else {
        /* Find all volume data directories and descend through them. */
        namei_HandleToInodeDir(&name, &ih);
        ninodes = 0;
        dirp1 = opendir(name.n_path);
        if (!dirp1)
            return 0;
        while ((dp1 = readdir(dirp1))) {
            if (*dp1->d_name == '.')
                continue;
            afs_snprintf(path2, sizeof(path2), "%s/%s", name.n_path,
                         dp1->d_name);
            dirp2 = opendir(path2);
            if (dirp2) {
                while ((dp2 = readdir(dirp2))) {
                    if (*dp2->d_name == '.')
                        continue;
                    if (!DecodeVolumeName(dp2->d_name, &ih.ih_vid)) {
                        ninodes +=
                            namei_ListAFSSubDirs(&ih, writeFun, fp, judgeFun,
                                                 0, rock);
                    }
                }
                closedir(dirp2);
            }
        }
        closedir(dirp1);
    }
#ifdef DELETE_ZLC
    FreeZLCList();
#endif
    return ninodes;
}



/* namei_ListAFSSubDirs
 *
 *
 * Return values:
 * < 0 - an error
 * > = 0 - number of AFS files found.
 */
static int
namei_ListAFSSubDirs(IHandle_t * dirIH,
                     int (*writeFun) (FILE *, struct ViceInodeInfo *, char *,
                                      char *), FILE * fp,
                     int (*judgeFun) (struct ViceInodeInfo *, afs_uint32, void *),
                     afs_uint32 singleVolumeNumber, void *rock)
{
    IHandle_t myIH = *dirIH;
    namei_t name;
    char path1[512], path2[512], path3[512];
    DIR *dirp1, *dirp2, *dirp3;
    struct dirent *dp1, *dp2, *dp3;
    struct ViceInodeInfo info;
    FdHandle_t linkHandle;
    int ninodes = 0;
#ifdef DELETE_ZLC
    int i;
    static void AddToZLCDeleteList(char dir, char *name);
    static void DeleteZLCFiles(char *path);
#endif

    namei_HandleToVolDir(&name, &myIH);
    strlcpy(path1, name.n_path, sizeof(path1));

    /* Do the directory containing the special files first to pick up link
     * counts.
     */
    (void)strcat(path1, "/");
    (void)strcat(path1, NAMEI_SPECDIR);

    linkHandle.fd_fd = -1;
    dirp1 = opendir(path1);
    if (dirp1) {
        while ((dp1 = readdir(dirp1))) {
            if (*dp1->d_name == '.')
                continue;
            if (DecodeInode(path1, dp1->d_name, &info, myIH.ih_vid) < 0)
                continue;
            if (info.u.param[2] != VI_LINKTABLE) {
                info.linkCount = 1;
            } else {
                /* Open this handle */
                (void)afs_snprintf(path2, sizeof path2, "%s/%s", path1,
                                   dp1->d_name);
                linkHandle.fd_fd = afs_open(path2, Testing ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR, 0666);
                info.linkCount =
                    namei_GetLinkCount2(&linkHandle, (Inode) 0, 1, 1, Testing);
            }
            if (judgeFun && !(*judgeFun) (&info, singleVolumeNumber, rock))
                continue;

            if ((*writeFun) (fp, &info, path1, dp1->d_name) < 0) {
                if (linkHandle.fd_fd >= 0)
                    close(linkHandle.fd_fd);
                closedir(dirp1);
                return -1;
            }
            ninodes++;
        }
        closedir(dirp1);
    }

    /* Now run through all the other subdirs */
    namei_HandleToVolDir(&name, &myIH);
    strlcpy(path1, name.n_path, sizeof(path1));

    dirp1 = opendir(path1);
    if (dirp1) {
        while ((dp1 = readdir(dirp1))) {
            if (*dp1->d_name == '.')
                continue;
            if (!strcmp(dp1->d_name, NAMEI_SPECDIR))
                continue;

            /* Now we've got a next level subdir. */
            afs_snprintf(path2, sizeof(path2), "%s/%s", path1, dp1->d_name);
            dirp2 = opendir(path2);
            if (dirp2) {
                while ((dp2 = readdir(dirp2))) {
                    if (*dp2->d_name == '.')
                        continue;

                    /* Now we've got to the actual data */
                    afs_snprintf(path3, sizeof(path3), "%s/%s", path2,
                                 dp2->d_name);
                    dirp3 = opendir(path3);
                    if (dirp3) {
                        while ((dp3 = readdir(dirp3))) {
                            if (*dp3->d_name == '.')
                                continue;
                            if (DecodeInode
                                (path3, dp3->d_name, &info, myIH.ih_vid) < 0)
                                continue;
                            info.linkCount =
                                namei_GetLinkCount2(&linkHandle,
                                                   info.inodeNumber, 1, 1, Testing);
                            if (info.linkCount == 0) {
#ifdef DELETE_ZLC
                                Log("Found 0 link count file %s/%s, deleting it.\n", path3, dp3->d_name);
                                AddToZLCDeleteList((char)i, dp3->d_name);
#else
                                Log("Found 0 link count file %s/%s.\n", path3,
                                    dp3->d_name);
#endif
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (judgeFun
                                && !(*judgeFun) (&info, singleVolumeNumber, rock))
                                continue;

                            if ((*writeFun) (fp, &info, path3, dp3->d_name) <
                                0) {
                                close(linkHandle.fd_fd);
                                closedir(dirp3);
                                closedir(dirp2);
                                closedir(dirp1);
                                return -1;
                            }
                            ninodes++;
                        }
                        closedir(dirp3);
                    }
                }
                closedir(dirp2);
            }
        }
        closedir(dirp1);
    }

    if (linkHandle.fd_fd >= 0)
        close(linkHandle.fd_fd);
    if (!ninodes) {
        /* Then why does this directory exist? Blow it away. */
        namei_HandleToVolDir(&name, dirIH);
        namei_RemoveDataDirectories(&name);
    }

    return ninodes;
}

static int
DecodeVolumeName(char *name, int *vid)
{
    if (strlen(name) <= 2)
        return -1;
    *vid = (int)flipbase64_to_int64(name);
    return 0;
}


/* DecodeInode
 *
 * Get the inode number from the name.
 * Get
 */
static int
DecodeInode(char *dpath, char *name, struct ViceInodeInfo *info, int volid)
{
    char fpath[512];
    struct afs_stat status;
    int parm, tag;
    lb64_string_t check;

    afs_snprintf(fpath, sizeof(fpath), "%s/%s", dpath, name);

    if (afs_stat(fpath, &status) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    info->byteCount = status.st_size;
    info->inodeNumber = (Inode) flipbase64_to_int64(name);

    int64_to_flipbase64(check, info->inodeNumber);
    if (strcmp(name, check))
        return -1;
    
    GetOGMFromStat(&status, &parm, &tag);
    if ((info->inodeNumber & NAMEI_INODESPECIAL) == NAMEI_INODESPECIAL) {
        /* p1 - vid, p2 - -1, p3 - type, p4 - rwvid */
        info->u.param[0] = parm;
        info->u.param[1] = -1;
        info->u.param[2] = tag;
        info->u.param[3] = volid;
    } else {
        /* p1 - vid, p2 - vno, p3 - uniq, p4 - dv */
        info->u.param[0] = volid;
        info->u.param[1] = (int)(info->inodeNumber & NAMEI_VNODEMASK);
        info->u.param[2] = (int)((info->inodeNumber >> NAMEI_UNIQSHIFT)
                                 & (Inode) NAMEI_UNIQMASK);
        info->u.param[3] = parm;
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Convert the VolumeInfo file from RO to RW
 * this routine is called by namei_convertROtoRWvolume()
 */

static afs_int32
convertVolumeInfo(int fdr, int fdw, afs_uint32 vid)
{
    struct VolumeDiskData vd;
    char *p;

    if (read(fdr, &vd, sizeof(struct VolumeDiskData)) !=
        sizeof(struct VolumeDiskData)) {
        Log("1 convertVolumeInfo: read failed for %lu with code %d\n", vid,
            errno);
        return -1;
    }
    vd.restoredFromId = vd.id;  /* remember the RO volume here */
    vd.cloneId = vd.id;
    vd.id = vd.parentId;
    vd.type = RWVOL;
    vd.dontSalvage = 0;
    vd.uniquifier += 5000;      /* just in case there are still file copies from
                                 * the old RW volume around */
    p = strrchr(vd.name, '.');
    if (p && !strcmp(p, ".readonly")) {
        memset(p, 0, 9);
    }
    if (write(fdw, &vd, sizeof(struct VolumeDiskData)) !=
        sizeof(struct VolumeDiskData)) {
        Log("1 convertVolumeInfo: write failed for %lu with code %d\n", vid,
            errno);
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Convert a RO-volume into a RW-volume
 *
 * This function allows to recover very fast from the loss of a partition
 * from RO-copies if all RO-Copies exist on another partition.
 * Then these RO-volumes can be made to the new RW-volumes.
 * Backup of RW-volumes then consists in "vos release".
 *
 * We must make sure in this partition exists only the RO-volume which
 * is typical for remote replicas.
 *
 * Then the linktable is already ok,
 *      the vnode files need to be renamed
 *      the volinfo file needs to be replaced by another one with
 *                      slightly different contents and new name.
 * The volume header file of the RO-volume in the /vicep<x> directory
 * is destroyed by this call. A new header file for the RW-volume must
 * be created after return from this routine.
 */

int
namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume(char *pname, afs_uint32 volumeId)
{
#ifdef FSSYNC_BUILD_CLIENT
    namei_t n;
    char dir_name[512], oldpath[512], newpath[512];
    char smallName[64];
    char largeName[64];
    char infoName[64];
    IHandle_t t_ih;
    IHandle_t *ih;
    char infoSeen = 0;
    char smallSeen = 0;
    char largeSeen = 0;
    char linkSeen = 0;
    int code, fd, fd2;
    char *p;
    DIR *dirp;
    Inode ino;
    struct dirent *dp;
    struct DiskPartition64 *partP;
    struct ViceInodeInfo info;
    struct VolumeDiskHeader h;
    char headername[16];
    afs_int32 error = 0;

    (void)afs_snprintf(headername, sizeof headername, VFORMAT, afs_cast_uint32(volumeId));
    (void)afs_snprintf(oldpath, sizeof oldpath, "%s/%s", pname, headername);
    fd = open(oldpath, O_RDONLY);
    if (fd < 0) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: Couldn't open header for RO-volume %lu.\n", volumeId);
        return ENOENT;
    }
    if (read(fd, &h, sizeof(h)) != sizeof(h)) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: Couldn't read header for RO-volume %lu.\n", volumeId);
        close(fd);
        return EIO;
    }
    close(fd);
    FSYNC_VolOp(volumeId, pname, FSYNC_VOL_BREAKCBKS, 0, NULL);

    for (partP = DiskPartitionList; partP && strcmp(partP->name, pname);
         partP = partP->next);
    if (!partP) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: Couldn't find DiskPartition for %s\n", pname);
        return EIO;
    }
    ino = namei_MakeSpecIno(h.parent, VI_LINKTABLE);
    IH_INIT(ih, partP->device, h.parent, ino);

    namei_HandleToName(&n, ih);
    strlcpy(dir_name, n.n_path, sizeof(dir_name));
    p = strrchr(dir_name, '/');
    *p = 0;
    dirp = opendir(dir_name);
    if (!dirp) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: Could not opendir(%s)\n", dir_name);
        return EIO;
    }

    while ((dp = readdir(dirp))) {
        /* struct ViceInodeInfo info; */

        if (*dp->d_name == '.')
            continue;
        if (DecodeInode(dir_name, dp->d_name, &info, ih->ih_vid) < 0) {
            Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: DecodeInode failed for %s/%s\n",
                dir_name, dp->d_name);
            closedir(dirp);
            return -1;
        }
        if (info.u.param[1] != -1) {
            Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: found other than volume special file %s/%s\n", dir_name, dp->d_name);
            closedir(dirp);
            return -1;
        }
        if (info.u.param[0] != volumeId) {
            if (info.u.param[0] == ih->ih_vid) {
                if (info.u.param[2] == VI_LINKTABLE) {  /* link table */
                    linkSeen = 1;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: found special file %s/%s for volume %lu\n", dir_name, dp->d_name, info.u.param[0]);
            closedir(dirp);
            return VVOLEXISTS;
        }
        if (info.u.param[2] == VI_VOLINFO) {    /* volume info file */
            strlcpy(infoName, dp->d_name, sizeof(infoName));
            infoSeen = 1;
        } else if (info.u.param[2] == VI_SMALLINDEX) {  /* small vnodes file */
            strlcpy(smallName, dp->d_name, sizeof(smallName));
            smallSeen = 1;
        } else if (info.u.param[2] == VI_LARGEINDEX) {  /* large vnodes file */
            strlcpy(largeName, dp->d_name, sizeof(largeName));
            largeSeen = 1;
        } else {
            closedir(dirp);
            Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: unknown type %d of special file found : %s/%s\n", info.u.param[2], dir_name, dp->d_name);
            return -1;
        }
    }
    closedir(dirp);

    if (!infoSeen || !smallSeen || !largeSeen || !linkSeen) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: not all special files found in %s\n", dir_name);
        return -1;
    }

    /*
     * If we come here then there was only a RO-volume and we can safely
     * proceed.
     */

    memset(&t_ih, 0, sizeof(t_ih));
    t_ih.ih_dev = ih->ih_dev;
    t_ih.ih_vid = ih->ih_vid;

    (void)afs_snprintf(oldpath, sizeof oldpath, "%s/%s", dir_name, infoName);
    fd = afs_open(oldpath, O_RDWR, 0);
    if (fd < 0) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: could not open RO info file: %s\n",
            oldpath);
        return -1;
    }
    t_ih.ih_ino = namei_MakeSpecIno(ih->ih_vid, VI_VOLINFO);
    namei_HandleToName(&n, &t_ih);
    fd2 = afs_open(n.n_path, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_TRUNC | O_RDWR, 0);
    if (fd2 < 0) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: could not create RW info file: %s\n", n.n_path);
        close(fd);
        return -1;
    }
    code = convertVolumeInfo(fd, fd2, ih->ih_vid);
    close(fd);
    if (code) {
        close(fd2);
        unlink(n.n_path);
        return -1;
    }
    SetOGM(fd2, ih->ih_vid, 1);
    close(fd2);

    t_ih.ih_ino = namei_MakeSpecIno(ih->ih_vid, VI_SMALLINDEX);
    namei_HandleToName(&n, &t_ih);
    (void)afs_snprintf(newpath, sizeof newpath, "%s/%s", dir_name, smallName);
    fd = afs_open(newpath, O_RDWR, 0);
    if (fd < 0) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: could not open SmallIndex file: %s\n", newpath);
        return -1;
    }
    SetOGM(fd, ih->ih_vid, 2);
    close(fd);
    link(newpath, n.n_path);
    unlink(newpath);

    t_ih.ih_ino = namei_MakeSpecIno(ih->ih_vid, VI_LARGEINDEX);
    namei_HandleToName(&n, &t_ih);
    (void)afs_snprintf(newpath, sizeof newpath, "%s/%s", dir_name, largeName);
    fd = afs_open(newpath, O_RDWR, 0);
    if (fd < 0) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: could not open LargeIndex file: %s\n", newpath);
        return -1;
    }
    SetOGM(fd, ih->ih_vid, 3);
    close(fd);
    link(newpath, n.n_path);
    unlink(newpath);

    unlink(oldpath);

    h.id = h.parent;
    h.volumeInfo_hi = h.id;
    h.smallVnodeIndex_hi = h.id;
    h.largeVnodeIndex_hi = h.id;
    h.linkTable_hi = h.id;
    (void)afs_snprintf(headername, sizeof headername, VFORMAT, afs_cast_uint32(h.id));
    (void)afs_snprintf(newpath, sizeof newpath, "%s/%s", pname, headername);
    fd = open(newpath, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR, 0644);
    if (fd < 0) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: Couldn't create header for RW-volume %lu.\n", h.id);
        return EIO;
    }
    if (write(fd, &h, sizeof(h)) != sizeof(h)) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: Couldn't write header for RW-volume\
 %lu.\n", h.id);
        close(fd);
        return EIO;
    }
    close(fd);
    if (unlink(oldpath) < 0) {
        Log("1 namei_ConvertROtoRWvolume: Couldn't unlink RO header, error = %d\n", error);
    }
    FSYNC_VolOp(volumeId, pname, FSYNC_VOL_DONE, 0, NULL);
    FSYNC_VolOp(h.id, pname, FSYNC_VOL_ON, 0, NULL);
#endif
    return 0;
}

/* PrintInode
 *
 * returns a static string used to print either 32 or 64 bit inode numbers.
 */
char *
PrintInode(char *s, Inode ino)
{
    static afs_ino_str_t result;
    if (!s)
        s = result;

    (void)afs_snprintf(s, sizeof(afs_ino_str_t), "%llu", (afs_uintmax_t) ino);

    return s;
}


#ifdef DELETE_ZLC
/* Routines to facilitate removing zero link count files. */
#define MAX_ZLC_NAMES 32
#define MAX_ZLC_NAMELEN 16
typedef struct zlcList_s {
    struct zlcList_s *zlc_next;
    int zlc_n;
    char zlc_names[MAX_ZLC_NAMES][MAX_ZLC_NAMELEN];
} zlcList_t;

static zlcList_t *zlcAnchor = NULL;
static zlcList_t *zlcCur = NULL;

static void
AddToZLCDeleteList(char dir, char *name)
{
    assert(strlen(name) <= MAX_ZLC_NAMELEN - 3);

    if (!zlcCur || zlcCur->zlc_n >= MAX_ZLC_NAMES) {
        if (zlcCur && zlcCur->zlc_next)
            zlcCur = zlcCur->zlc_next;
        else {
            zlcList_t *tmp = (zlcList_t *) malloc(sizeof(zlcList_t));
            if (!tmp)
                return;
            if (!zlcAnchor) {
                zlcAnchor = tmp;
            } else {
                zlcCur->zlc_next = tmp;
            }
            zlcCur = tmp;
            zlcCur->zlc_n = 0;
            zlcCur->zlc_next = NULL;
        }
    }

    (void)sprintf(zlcCur->zlc_names[zlcCur->zlc_n], "%c\\%s", dir, name);
    zlcCur->zlc_n++;
}

static void
DeleteZLCFiles(char *path)
{
    zlcList_t *z;
    int i;
    char fname[1024];

    for (z = zlcAnchor; z; z = z->zlc_next) {
        for (i = 0; i < z->zlc_n; i++) {
            (void)sprintf(fname, "%s\\%s", path, z->zlc_names[i]);
            if (namei_unlink(fname) < 0) {
                Log("ZLC: Can't unlink %s, dos error = %d\n", fname,
                    GetLastError());
            }
        }
        z->zlc_n = 0;           /* Can reuse space. */
    }
    zlcCur = zlcAnchor;
}

static void
FreeZLCList(void)
{
    zlcList_t *tnext;
    zlcList_t *i;

    i = zlcAnchor;
    while (i) {
        tnext = i->zlc_next;
        free(i);
        i = tnext;
    }
    zlcCur = zlcAnchor = NULL;
}
#endif

#endif /* AFS_NAMEI_ENV */